I was thinking about something like the following; a=[ t**n for n in range(4) ]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 't' is not defined
or
a=[ lambda t: t**n for n in range(4) ]
t=2
a
[<function <lambda> at 0x403dcc6c>, <function <lambda> at 0x403dcca4>,
<function <lambda> at 0x403dccdc>, <function <lambda> at 0x403dcd14>] t=3
a
[<function <lambda> at 0x403dcc6c>, <function <lambda> at 0x403dcca4>,
<function <lambda> at 0x403dccdc>, <function <lambda> at 0x403dcd14>]
is something like that possible? Will you give me advice about that?
Jul 19 '05
17  2007 
Bengt Richter wrote: I still don't know what you are asking for, but here is a toy,
...
But why not spend some time with the tutorials, so have a few more
cards in your deck before you try to play for real? ;-)
Communication problem.
All he wanted is automatic evaluation a la spreadsheet application.
Just like in Microsoft Excel. That's all.
There are many ways for implementing the requested feature. Here are
two:
(1) Push model: use event listeners. Register dependent quantities as
event listeners of independent quantities. When an independent quantity
is modified, fire off the event and update the dependent quantities.
Excel uses the push model.
(2) Pull model: lazy evaluation. Have some flag on whether an
independent quantity has been changed. When evaluating a dependent
quantity, survey its independent quantities recursively, and update the
cached copies whereever necessary.
Of course, combination of the two approaches is possible.
For Python, metaclasses and/or decorators and/or properties may help.
But functional languages are a more natural territory.
On Friday 22 April 2005 06:44 pm, Scott David Daniels wrote: Terry Hancock wrote: On Friday 22 April 2005 05:18 pm, me************* @gmail.com wrote:
Perhaps you don't know how to call such functions? E.g.:
a=[ lambda t: t**n for n in range(4) ]>a[2](3) 27
Didn't you notice this was a funny value?
Nope. Wasn't paying attention. ;-)
Just copied the code from the OP.
Perhaps you mean:
a = [lambda t, n=n: t**n for n in range(4)]
This is of course what he should've written, and/or what I
should've corrected it to, thank you.
Cheers,
Terry
--
Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispacework s.com )
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com
Scott David Daniels wrote:
See, the body of your anonymous function just looks for "the current
value of n" when it is _invoked_, not when it is _defined_.
The "lambda functions" was an unclear part of the tutorial I read.
Should I use them? Are they pythonic?
As far I see they are good only for type less a bit.
Mage me************* @gmail.com wrote: i wonder if there is an automatic way to make that without calling a
function.
You mean without _explicitely_ calling a function.
May I inquire why you need to write f instead of f(x)?
an automatic way that depends on changing the value of x. as each time
x=something used the whole matrix changes automaticly.
As pointed out by El Pitonero property can be your friend: class A(object):
... def get_v(self):
... return [1,x]
... v=property(get_ v)
... a=A()
x=0
a.v
[1, 0] x=2
a.v
[1, 2]
However, you will calculate your matrix each time you will access it
(and I find it ugly to use a global variable this way).
You can however build it the other way round:
class B(object):
... def __init__(self):
... self.v=[1,0]
... self.x=0
... def calc_v(self):
... self.v[1]=self.__x
... def set_x(self,x):
... self.__x=x
... self.calc_v()
... def get_x(self):
... return self.__x
... x=property(get_ x, set_x)
... b=B()
b.v
[1, 0] b.x=2
b.v
[1, 2]
This time, calculations only occur when you change the value of x.
Mage <ma**@mage.hu > wrote in news:mailman.23 39.1114242211.1 799.python- The "lambda functions" was an unclear part of the tutorial I read.
Should I use them? Are they pythonic?
As far I see they are good only for type less a bit.
And to obfusicate code. lambda is evil, do not play with it.
Harald
Mage wrote: Scott David Daniels wrote:
See, the body of your anonymous function just looks for "the current
value of n" when it is _invoked_, not when it is _defined_.
The "lambda functions" was an unclear part of the tutorial I read.
Should I use them? Are they pythonic?
As far I see they are good only for type less a bit.
As for most python features which are not "dead obvious", you should
only use them where they they make the code clearer than it would be
without the use of that feature. In this case, I was responding to
a particular use of lambda which, in fact, had a flaw that made the
code do something different from what it looked like it was doing.
I felt the distinction was clearer in the lambda form than it would
have been with "def-style" function definitions. One of the reasons
the distinction came out was that there was no confusing naming of
"what this function means," only program structure. In a real program
that is a hindrance. In the case of pointing out a flaw, it makes
differences between two versions of some code more obvious.
--Scott David Daniels Sc***********@A cm.Org
On 22 Apr 2005 20:45:55 -0700, "El Pitonero" <pi******@gmail .com> wrote: Bengt Richter wrote: I still don't know what you are asking for, but here is a toy,
...
But why not spend some time with the tutorials, so have a few morecards in your deck before you try to play for real? ;-)
Communicatio n problem.
Indeed.
All he wanted is automatic evaluation a la spreadsheet application.
Just like in Microsoft Excel. That's all.
There are many ways for implementing the requested feature. Here are
two:
(1) Push model: use event listeners. Register dependent quantities as
event listeners of independent quantities. When an independent quantity
is modified, fire off the event and update the dependent quantities.
Excel uses the push model.
This is essentially what I was demonstrating with the namespace of FunArray,
showing object attribute namespace access as perhaps _the_ 'listening" hook
of Python -- which properties and overriding base class methods with
subclass methods etc. etc. all depend on.
FunArray 'listens' for named "spreadshee t cell" assignments to its namespace,
and it "listens" for a repr access to the "spreadshee t" as a whole, presenting
its status in terms of cell names and the formula value of the last cell entered.
Not conventional, but I wanted to stay as close to the OP's proposed
example interactive log (if that was what it was, which apparently it wasn't ;-)
This does also demonstrate that if you want to "listen" for apparent
assignments to bare names, AFAIK there is no way without byte code hackery
or using a trace hook, or just doing your own eval-print loop,
which is why I suggested the cmd module as a start.
of course, you could mess with displayhook to get what the OP originally
appeared to be asking for. E.g., this toy produces an interactive log
much like the OP specified:
class DH(object):
... def __init__(self):
... import math
... self.env = vars(math)
... self.env.update (vars(__builtin s__))
... def evalstrex(self, s):
... for name in compile(s,'','e val').co_names:
... if type(self.env[name]) == str:
... self.env[name] = self.evalstrex( self.env[name])
... return eval(s, self.env)
... def __call__(self, o):
... if type(o)==str:
... self.env.update (globals())
... o = self.evalstrex( o)
... sys.__displayho ok__(o)
... import sys
sys.displayhook = DH()
Other than the quotes around the formula,
a = '[sin(x), cos(x)]'
x=0.0
a
[0.0, 1.0] x=1.0
a
[0.8414709848078 965, 0.5403023058681 3977]
looks a lot like
"""
I'm looking for array of functions.
Something like a=[ sin(x) , cos(x) ]
x=0.0
a
[0, 1] x=1.0
a
...
of course it can be made by def cratearray(x):
... ~~~~
... return a
a=createarray(1 .0)
but this isn't what i am asking for. something automized.
"""
Of course, this is not what the OP _really_ wanted ;-)
But it's kind of fun. Anything you type in quotes is evaluated
using available global bindings plus the ones in the math module
and __builtins__, and it's recursive, so if a name in the quoted
formula refers to another string (which must be a valid expression),
that is evaluated, and so on. This is "pull" based on interactive
display trigger ;-)
x='pi/6'
a
[0.4999999999999 9994, 0.8660254037844 3871]
x='pi/6'
a
[0.4999999999999 9994, 0.8660254037844 3871] x = 'pi/y'
y=6
a
[0.4999999999999 9994, 0.8660254037844 3871] y=3
a
[0.8660254037844 386, 0.5000000000000 0011]
The display hook passes through non-strings, so you can box a string formula to see it:
[a]
['[sin(x), cos(x)]'] [x]
['pi/y'] [y]
[3]
You could specify your spread sheet:
a1,a2,a3=100,20 0,'sum([a1,a2])'
a1,a2,a3
(100, 200, 'sum([a1,a2])') a1
100 a2
200 a3
300
;-)
(2) Pull model: lazy evaluation. Have some flag on whether an
independent quantity has been changed. When evaluating a dependent
quantity, survey its independent quantities recursively, and update the
cached copies whereever necessary.
Of course, combination of the two approaches is possible.
For Python, metaclasses and/or decorators and/or properties may help.
But functional languages are a more natural territory.
Regards,
Bengt Richter
On Saturday 23 April 2005 02:43 am, Mage wrote: Scott David Daniels wrote: See, the body of your anonymous function just looks for "the current
value of n" when it is _invoked_, not when it is _defined_.
The "lambda functions" was an unclear part of the tutorial I read.
Should I use them? Are they pythonic?
As far I see they are good only for type less a bit.
Lambda has two main uses, IMHO:
1) You need to create a whole lot of functions which all follow a certain
pattern, but must evaluate "late" (i.e. the arguments will be added later,
so you can't just compute the result instead). This is basically the
case the OP presented with his list of increasing powers. You can, of
course, use named functions for each, but it may become impractical.
2) You are going to apply the same (arbitrary) function to many sets of arguments.
This argues for taking a function as an argument. Python Imaging Library
does this with the 'point' method, for example.
Frequently you will run into a trivial case such as:
def squared_plus_on e(x):
return x**2 + 1
result_ob = source_ob(trans form=squared_pl us_one)
or something like that. It gets pretty silly to clutter up your code with such
trivial functions, and lambda gives you a neat way to simply define the function
for the moment you need it and throw it away:
result_ob = source_ob(trans form=lambda x: x**2 + 1)
Note that in this case, the expression is probably the clearest way to document
the function (clearer than the function name, IMHO).
So, yeah, they have some real uses. But you can live without them most
of the time.
--
Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispacework s.com )
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