Can a method in one class change an object in another class?

[Stewart Midwinter]

I've got an app that creates an object in its main class (it also
creates a GUI). My problem is that I need to pass this object, a
list, to a dialog that is implemented as a second class. I want to
edit the contents of that list and then pass back the results to the
first class. So my question is, can a method in one class change an
object in another class?

If the answer is no, I suppose I could pass in the list as an argument
when I create the second class, then return the contents of the list
when I end the methods in that second class.

alternatively, I could make the list a global variable, then it would
be available to all classes. I have a nagging feeling though that
global variables are to be avoided on general principle. Is this
correct?

Here's a simple example app that tries to have one class change the
object in another class. It doesn't give the behaviour I want,
though.

---
#objtest.py

class first:
def __init__(self):
a = 'a'
self.a = a
print self.a

def update(self):
print 'initially, a is', self.a
self.a = second(self.a)
print 'afterwards, a is', self.a

class second:
def __init__(self, a):
pass

def __call__(self, a):
a = 'aa'
return a

if __name__ == '__main__':
app = first()
app.update()

thanks,
--
Stewart Midwinter
st*****@midwint er.ca
st************* **@gmail.com

[Harlin Seritt]

Here's what I came up with:

#objtest.py
class first:
def __init__(self):
a = 'a'
self.a = a
print self.a
def update(self):
print 'initially, a is', self.a
self.a = second(self.a)
print 'afterwards, a is', self.a.call(sel f.a)
class second:
def __init__(self, a):
pass
def call(self, a):
a = 'aa'
return a
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = first()
app.update()

Not sure if this is what you are wanting though.

[Diez B. Roggisch]

> I've got an app that creates an object in its main class (it also

creates a GUI). My problem is that I need to pass this object, a
list, to a dialog that is implemented as a second class. I want to
edit the contents of that list and then pass back the results to the
first class. So my question is, can a method in one class change an
object in another class?

Sure it can. But your code shows that you suffer from a fundamental
misunderstandin g on how variables and values work in python. Don't be to
worried about that, it happens to quite a few people.

A variable in python is just a name refering to an object. So this

a = 'a'
b = a
print a, b a a
will make a and b both refer to the string 'a'. Now assigning a different
value to b will not affect the binding of a:
b = 10
print a, b a 10

So that is the reason you obeserve the behaviour you've seen. Now the
question is how to accomplish your desired goal? The answer is simple:
don't rebind a value to a name - alter the value! In python, there is a
distinction between mutable objects and immutable ones. Strings and numbers
are of the latter kind, lists and dicts and objects of the former. So if we
changed our example slighly, things start working as you'd expect:
a = ['a']
b = a
print a,b ['a'] ['a'] b[0] = 10
print a, b

[10] [10]

So if you pass the same _mutable_ object to two objects, and one of them
changes it, the other one will see the changes:

class A:
def __init__(self):
self.a_list = [0]

class B:
def __init__(self, l):
self.l = l

def foo(self):
self.l.append(1 00)

a = A()
b = B(a.a_list)
b.foo()
print a.a_list

-> [0, 100]
There are some resources on the web that explain this in more thourough
detail - but curretntly I have trouble finding them. Search this newsgroup.
--
Regards,

Diez B. Roggisch

[Lee Harr]

On 2005-03-06, Stewart Midwinter <st************ ***@gmail.com> wrote:

I've got an app that creates an object in its main class (it also
creates a GUI). My problem is that I need to pass this object, a
list, to a dialog that is implemented as a second class. I want to
edit the contents of that list and then pass back the results to the
first class. So my question is, can a method in one class change an
object in another class?

If the answer is no, I suppose I could pass in the list as an argument
when I create the second class, then return the contents of the list
when I end the methods in that second class.

alternatively, I could make the list a global variable, then it would
be available to all classes. I have a nagging feeling though that
global variables are to be avoided on general principle. Is this
correct?

Here's a simple example app that tries to have one class change the
object in another class. It doesn't give the behaviour I want,
though.

Depends a bit on who is updating who and which is
created first and which needs references to which.

Maybe like this...
---
#objtest.py

class first:
def __init__(self, a):
self.a = a
print 'a initialized to', self.a
self.updater = second(self)

def update(self, a='aa'):
print 'initially, a is', self.a
self.updater.do _update(a)
print 'afterwards, a is', self.a

class second:
def __init__(self, lst):
self.lst = lst

def do_update(self, a):
self.lst.a = a
if __name__ == '__main__':
lst = first('a')
lst.update()

# or ...
dlg = second(lst)
lst.update('aaa ')

[Kent Johnson]

Stewart Midwinter wrote:

I've got an app that creates an object in its main class (it also
creates a GUI). My problem is that I need to pass this object, a
list, to a dialog that is implemented as a second class. I want to
edit the contents of that list and then pass back the results to the
first class. So my question is, can a method in one class change an
object in another class?
Diez and Lee have shown you two ways to do this.
If the answer is no, I suppose I could pass in the list as an argument
when I create the second class, then return the contents of the list
when I end the methods in that second class.
This is almost what your example does, but you have made a small error. See below.
alternatively, I could make the list a global variable, then it would
be available to all classes. I have a nagging feeling though that
global variables are to be avoided on general principle. Is this
correct?
Yes, it is correct.
Here's a simple example app that tries to have one class change the
object in another class. It doesn't give the behaviour I want,
though.

---
#objtest.py

class first:
def __init__(self):
a = 'a'
self.a = a
print self.a

def update(self):
print 'initially, a is', self.a
self.a = second(self.a)
The line above is creating an instance of second and assigning it to self.a. What you want to do is
create an instance of second, *call* it, and assign the result to self.a. So you should have
self.a = second(self.a)( self.a)

The self.a parameter passed to second is never used. If you change second.__init__ to
def __init__(self):
pass

then the call in update() will be
self.a = second()(self.a )

Kent print 'afterwards, a is', self.a

class second:
def __init__(self, a):
pass

def __call__(self, a):
a = 'aa'
return a

if __name__ == '__main__':
app = first()
app.update()

thanks,
--
Stewart Midwinter
st*****@midwint er.ca
st************* **@gmail.com

[stewart.midwinter]

thanks guys. Three good answers, each slightly different, but giving me
good food for thought.

Obviously my example was a trivial one, but I wanted to isolate the
behaviour I'm seeing in my real app. I now have some good ideas for
moving forward!

cheers
S