Template Metaprogramming

[Protoman]

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

Sqr sqr;

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine. Could
you help me? And, if it's any help, I'm using Bloodshed's Dev-Cpp
v4.9.9.2 compiler.
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[Victor Bazarov]

Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work.
What seems to be the problem? Read FAQ 5.8, while you're looking for
an answer.
Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};
template<int n> int Sqr<n>::RET; // definition. required if 'RET' is
// used in the program

Sqr sqr; ^^^^^^^
What is that supposed to do? Define an object 'sqr' of type.. which?
'Sqr' is not a class. It's a class template. In order for it to become
a class, you need to supply the template argument.

Sqr<10> sqr; // for example
int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
If 'sqr' is an object, you can't use either <> or :: after it. If it is
not an object, then what is it?

cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
or
cout << sqr.RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
(a) You didn't define the 'RET' static data member. All static data
members need to be defined if they are used outside the class
definition.

(b) You didn't use the static member properly. If you want to use it
through an object, the access is via the . operator (dot), if you
want to use it through the class, then you need the class name
before the scope resolution operator.
By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine.
Please list the URLs so we could include them into the list of web sites
to avoid.
Could
you help me? And, if it's any help, I'm using Bloodshed's Dev-Cpp
v4.9.9.2 compiler.

V

[Markus Moll]

Hi

Protoman wrote:

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

Sqr sqr;
Sqr is a template-id, so this makes no sense.

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
RET is a static member of Sqr<10>, so this should read:

cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine.

Where have you been reading?
Markus
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[msalters]

Protoman schreef:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

Sqr sqr;

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

With template metaprogramming, you manipulate types, not objects. Of
course, a type cannot be modified, so it has to be right the first
time.
Your Sqr template is a good example. If you create the type Sqr<10>,
the constant Sqr<10>::RET is set to 100.

However, you try to use Sqr (which isn't a type) to create an object
sqr, and then you try to modify the object inside main. That doesn't
work, but the object simply isn't needed. Use the type Sqr<10>.

HTH,
Michiel Salters
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[Ulrich Eckhardt]

Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};
Leave ALL_UPPERCASE for macros, and only for those. Just an advise though.
Sqr sqr;
This is already wrong, you cannot create objects of a tempate type, only
objects of a template-instantiation (I only hope that the terminology is
right).
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
As already said, above should not even compile, so I wonder why you post
even more code. However, 'Sqr<10>::RET' is the thing you're looking for.
system ("PAUSE");
Nonportable. Ugly.
std::string dummy;
std::cout << "<enter>\n";
std::getline( std::cin, dummy);
And, if it's any help, I'm using Bloodshed's Dev-Cpp
v4.9.9.2 compiler.

That's not a compiler but an IDE. The compiler in use there is GCC.

Uli
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[Anthony Williams]

"Protoman" <Pr**********@gmail.com> writes:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

Sqr sqr;
Sqr on its own is the name of a template. To create an object, you need a
template specialization like Sqr<10>. For your test, you don't need an object,
though.
int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
If you create an object sqr above, then you don't need the <10>
here. Alternatively, you can ditch the object and just say Sqr<10> here.
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

HTH

Anthony
--
Anthony Williams
Software Developer

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[Greg]

Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

Sqr sqr;

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine. Could
you help me? And, if it's any help, I'm using Bloodshed's Dev-Cpp
v4.9.9.2 compiler.

I don't see how this code could have compiled. The declaration of "sqr"
has as its type "Sqr" but without an int value that is needed as its
template parameter. This line can be deleted moreover since "sqr" is
not needed for the purposes of this example. Just change the output
line to use the template class name:

cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl1;

will output 100 on any conforming compiler.

Greg
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[noahwoo]

Maybe your idea can be expressed like this :
(Tested by gcc)
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;

};

// Sqr<10> sqr;

int main()
{
cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
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[Andy]

> I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,

make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
Instead of the "static const int RET" use the typical idiom:
enum { square_value = n*n };
};

Sqr sqr;
This is incorrect. Sqr is a class template, you cannot instantiate it.
You must provide the necessary template arguments and instantiate a
template class e.g. "Sqr<10> sqr". Also, global objects are a **bad**
idea.

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
sqr<10> is again incorrect. Just use Sqr<10>::RET.
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine. Could
Which websites are these?
you help me? And, if it's any help, I'm using Bloodshed's Dev-Cpp
v4.9.9.2 compiler.

With the modifications it works on Dev-Cpp 4.9.9.2.

Cheers,
Andy
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[Martin Bonner]

Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. You don't explain what you mean by "doesn't work". Compiler error?
Linker error? Runtime crash? Unexpected output? You should also tell
us what the error message / output is (and in the case of unexpected
output, what you expected).

However in this case, I can guess what the problem is.
Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n; Note: This is perfectly valid Standard C++, HOWEVER
a) You should reserved all-caps identifiers for preprocessor macros
b) Some older compilers may have problems with this. The work round
would be to use
enum {value=n*n}; };

Sqr sqr; This is your problem. You are trying to declare an object (called
'sqr') of type Sqr. The problem is that 'Sqr' is not a type, it is a
template which defines how to create a large number of types. You
*could* use:

Sqr<10> sqr10;

That would declare an an object (called sqr10) of type Sqr<10>.
However, you don't actually need an object at all (that was the point
of the 'static' on the declaration of RET - in this context static
means "associated with the type, not with an individual object of the
type).

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
This is essentially the same problem: you are confused between objects
and templates. You can either write:
Sqr<10>::RET
or
sqr10.RET
(I would prefer the former.) system ("PAUSE"); Note: I trust you realize this is not portable? (It is completely
unrelated to your problem, and is fine for this toy application, but if
you run the application direct from the command line you won't need it
at all.)
return 0;
}

By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine.

I think you need to read the websites again (or read better ones)!
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[Gene Bushuyev]

"Ulrich Eckhardt" <ec******@satorlaser.com> wrote in message
news:oa************@sadoc.satorlaser-intern.com...
....

system ("PAUSE");

Nonportable. Ugly.
std::string dummy;
std::cout << "<enter>\n";
std::getline( std::cin, dummy);

Portable, but still ugly. This would suffice:

std::cerr << "\nPress Enter\n";
std::cin.ignore();

- gene

[tony_in_da_uk]

What you're trying to do isn't actually template metaprogramming in any
meaningful sense, as metaprogramming involves templates instantiating
themselves or other templates to implement an algorithm, but I'll
ignore that for now and help you get it working as presented.

Perhaps you should look at the compiler error messages? The simplest
way to get what you've done going is to change "sqr<10>::RET" to
"Sqr<10>::RET", and remove the "Sqr sqr;" line (you'd need Sqr<10>
sqr;" there to get the intended effect, but you don't need an instance
of the templated class in order to use a static member.

Cheers, Tony
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[Sasko Mateski]

On 12 Aug 2005 05:08:13 -0400, Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};
instead of:
Sqr sqr;

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

try just:
int main()
{
cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

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[Valery Aronov]

Try this instead:

....
Sqr<10> sqr;

int main() {
cout << sqr.RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
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[Stefan Chrobot]

U=BFytkownik Protoman napisa=B3:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program tha= t uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:
I think you meant:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

int main()
{
cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

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[mlimber]

-- Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:
[snip] Sqr sqr;

[snip]

The problem is here you are trying to declare an instance of the Sqr<>
class without the template type list. You need to specify the
int-to-be-squared in the typename (e.g., Sqr<10>::RET). In fact,
there's not much sense in your example in declaring an instance of the
class Sqr<> at all -- the square is supposed to be calculated and
inlined at compile-time, so the there's no runtime cost.

Cheers!

M
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[Dan McLeran]

You're declaring a variable of Sqr type with no template arguments.
Here is a solution that works for both MSVC6 and GCC 3.3.1:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
typedef enum {RET = n*n} ResultType;

};
int main()
{
cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
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[Bob Bell]

Protoman wrote:

I've been looking at template metaprogramming. It seems really cool,
make the compiler do most of the work. I have very simple program that
uses TMP,it calculates the square of a number, but it doesn't seem to
work. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

Sqr sqr;

int main()
{
cout << sqr<10>::RET << endl;
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

By all the websites I've read, this should work absolutely fine. Could
you help me? And, if it's any help, I'm using Bloodshed's Dev-Cpp
v4.9.9.2 compiler.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<int n>
class Sqr
{
public:
static const int RET = n*n;
};

int main()
{
cout << Sqr<10>::RET << endl;
}

You can't declare a variable of type Sqr, since Sqr isn't a type.

Bob
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[Protoman]

Here; figure this out:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template <int n>
struct Sqr
{
enum { square_value = n*n };
};
int main()
{
Sqr<int> sqr;
cout << sqr<10>::square_value << endl;
return 0;
}
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[Protoman]

OK, how do I calculate the root of a number w/TMP?
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[red floyd]

Protoman wrote:

OK, how do I calculate the root of a number w/TMP?

Get "C++ Templates" by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg...l/-/0201734842

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[E. Rosten]

On Sun, 11 Sep 2005 17:14:18 -0400, Protoman wrote:

OK, how do I calculate the root of a number w/TMP?

Here's the simplest way possible:

//START
template<int i, int dec=-1, int less=-1> struct Sqrt
{
static const int val=Sqrt<i, dec-1, (dec*dec<=i) >::val;
};

template<int i, int dec> struct Sqrt<i, dec, 1>
{
static const int val=dec+1;
};

template<int i> struct Sqrt<i, -1, -1>
{
static const int val=Sqrt<i, i, 0>::val;
};
//END

example:

cout << sqrt<386>::val << endl;
Of course, for large values, it might take a while, and you'll need to set
ypur template recursion depth quite high. You might wish to consider using
a more advanced technique such as binary search or Newton's method.

-Ed

--
(You can't go wrong with psycho-rats.) (er258)(@)(eng.cam)(.ac.uk)

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