Problem background:
gcc v 4.1
2 .cpp files, 2 .h files
Files:
main.cpp
a.cpp
a.h
b.h
Organization:
main.cpp includes a.h (because it calls a.cpp code)
a.cpp includes a.h
a.h includes b.h (because a class in a.h uses a b.h class)
There is no inheritance between a.h or b.h or any of the classes.
The problem is that when I try to compile the files like
g++ main.cpp a.cpp
I get an bunch of linker errors like "duplicate symbol X found..." which are for symbols from b.h
Normally I would think this is due to there not being #ifndef or #pragma once guards, but there are "#pragma once" things at the top of all the .h files. To me it seems like what is happening is that gcc is generating main.o separately from a.o and then then ld is called it sees duplication of symbols and it errors out. What is the correct way to tell g++ to compile them both while looking at them both?
I would think it would be something like --combine, but the man page and testing show that's only valid for C files.
I have also tried -shared which makes ld not complain but which says it's for making a shared library, so it doesn't seem correct for building an executable. Will using -shared lead to any strange behavior down the road (I need to know now since the application itself isn't in a state that I can test it, and I don't want to end up finding out it was the -shared flag's fault)
I have also tried -fwhole-program, which again works, but the man page says it's for optimization, so that also doesn't seem correct. Same question with regards to possible weird behavior down the road.
Thanks much for any help.
John
3  1933  oler1s 671
Recognized Expert Contributor
You probably defined a global variable in b.h. Since main.cpp includes a.h, which includes b.h, it gets one definition of the global. Same for a.cpp. Then, when linking, the two definitions collide. Am I right about the global?
You have to put inclusion guards in your header files.
Sometimes a good way to find out an error is to drop it into another compiler. Different compilers tell you different things. This helped me a few times. - CTYD
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