error C2360: initialization of 'i' is skipped by 'case' label ?

[clairelee0322]

My program has an error C2360: initialization of 'i' is skipped by 'case' label.
I don't know why. Please help me out!
thks!!

the error occurs in Division case 3.

//Claire's Calculator
#include <iostream.h>
#include <math.h>
double pow(double x, double y);
 
 
main()
{
    int choice, choicee;
    const double PI = 3.14159;
    float a, b, c;
    int n, m;
    double cy;
    double x, y;
    float x_to_the_y;
    double r;
    int re, q;
 
    do //
    {
        cout << "Which calculation you wish to use?" << '\n';
        cout << "1 - Addition" << '\n';
        cout << "2 - Subtraction" << '\n';
        cout << "3 - Multiplication" << '\n';
        cout << "4 - Division " << '\n';
        cout << "5 - Multiplication by a percent " << '\n';
        cout << "6 - Calculate powers" << '\n';
        cout << "7 - Calculate a circle" << '\n';
        cout << "8 - Calculate an exponential" << '\n';
        cin >> choice;    //get choice from the user
        if ((choice < 1 ) || (choice > 8))
        {
            cout << "Re-enter your choice.\n";
        }
    }
    while ((choice < 1 ) || (choice > 8));
 
    switch(choice)
    {
    case 1:   // Addition
        cout << "enter 1st number: \n";
        cin >> a;
        cout << "enter 2nd number: \n";
        cin >> b;
        cout << "a + b =" << a + b << '\n';
        break;
    case 2:    //Subtraction
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> a;
        cout << "Enter second number: \n";
        cin >> b;
        cout << "a - b = " << a - b << '\n';
        break;
    case 3:      //Multiplication
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> a;
        cout << "Enter second number: \n";
        cin >> b;
        cout << "a * b = " << a * b << '\n';
        break;
    case 4:    //Division
        do {
            cout << "1 - answer as a decimal\n"; 
            cout << "2 - answer as a fraction\n";
            cout << "3 - answer as a number with a remainder\n";
            cin >> choicee;
        }        
    while ((choicee < 1 ) || (choicee > 3));
 
    switch(choicee)
{
    case 1:  //answer as a decimal
            cout << "Enter first number: \n";
            cin >> a;
            cout << "Enter second number: \n";
            cin >> b;
            cy = a / b;
            cout << "answer = " << cy << '\n';
    break;
    case 2: //answer as a fraction
            int n, m, i = 0;
            int Denom, Num;
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> n;
        cout << "Enter second number: \n";
        cin >> m;
       n = Denom;
       m = Num;
       for (i = n * m; i > 1; i--)
       {
               if ((n % i == 0) && (m % i == 0))
               {
                       n /= i;
                       m /= i;
               }
       }
       cout << "a=" << n << "/" << m << '\n';
 
    break;
    case 3: //answer as a number with a remainder
// error C2360: initialization of 'i' is skipped by 'case' label
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> a;
        cout << "Enter second number: \n";
        cin >> b;
        q = a / b;
        re = (int)a % (int)b;
        cout << "quotient = " << q << '\n';
        cout << "reminder = " << re << '\n';
        break;
}
 
    case 5:    //Multiplication by a percent
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> a;
        cout << "Enter second number:(percentage) \n";
        cin >> b;
        c = a * (b / 100);
        cout << "answer = " << c << '\n';
        break;
    case 6:    //Calculate powers
        double pow(double x, double y);
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> x;
        cout << "Enter the power: \n";
        cin >> y;    
        x_to_the_y = pow(x, y);
        cout << "answer = " << x_to_the_y << '\n';
        break;    
    case 7:   //Calculate a circle
        cout << "Please enter r = \n";
        cin >> r;
        cout << "The area is " << PI * r * r << '\n';
        break;
    case 8:    // Calculate an exponential
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        cin >> a;
        double pow(double x, double y);
        cout << "Enter second number: \n";
        cin >> x;
        cout << "Enter the power: \n";
        cin >> y;    
        x_to_the_y = pow(x, y);
        cout << "answer = " << a * x_to_the_y << '\n';
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

[teddarr]

In case 2 try using:

int n, m, i;
n, m, i= 0;

instead of:
int n, m, i = 0;

not sure why it works this way.

[gpraghuram]

Hi,
I think the error is coming becos the n,m declartion in case 2 is clashing with the declartion in the beginning of the program.
Enclose the case 2 inside curly brace like this

case 2:
{
   int n,m,i=0;
....
}
break;
 

Raghuram

[ppd]

Hi,
I don't know about the tags. I just started today.

The variables defined at the top of the program
are in scope for the duration of the entire program.
So declaring n and m again is not necessary in case 2.
You could declare i at the top of the program and then
you may not have a problem. If you want to keep i local,
it is correct to enclose the contents of the case in curly brackerts. That makes i a local variable for case 2.
It would not hurt to enclose each case in curly brackets and define your local variables for each case, if you would like to. Anyway, whatever is at the top is in scope to the end of the program. C++ allows you to declare
your variables near the applicable code, whereas C does not. So in your case, it would not hurt to take advantage of the capabilities of C++.

[weaknessforcats]

The problem is here:

case 2: //answer as a fraction
int n, m, i = 0;
etc...
break;
case 3: //answer as a number with a remainder
// error C2360: initialization of 'i' is skipped by 'case' label
cout << "Enter first number: \n";
etc...
break;

The variable i has the scope of the switch, not the case. Hence you can use i in case 3 but you would miss the initializaton of the variable.

If i is used only in case 2, then use braces to give it a local scope and your error will go away:

case 2: //answer as a fraction
      {
            int n, m, i = 0;
      }
etc... 
    break;
    case 3: //answer as a number with a remainder
// error C2360: initialization of 'i' is skipped by 'case' label
        cout << "Enter first number: \n";
        etc... 
       break;