What is the scope of this while loop?

[JS]

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int c, i, nwhite, nother;
int ndigit[10];

nwhite = nother = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
ndigit[i] = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
++ndigit[c-'0'];
else
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nwhite;
else
++nother;

printf("digits =");
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
printf(" %d", ndigit[i]);

printf(", white space = %d, other = %d\n",
nwhite, nother);

}

Where does the above while loop end?? For some reason all the examples I
have read with C code there is no brackets to confine the while loop (like
in Java).

JS

[Mike Deskevich]

here's the bracketed version. i'm pretty sure i got it right, but you
better double check the output of both versions to make sure they
match.

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
int c, i, nwhite, nother;
int ndigit[10];

nwhite = nother = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
ndigit[i] = 0;
}

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
{
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
{
++ndigit[c-'0'];
}
else
{
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
{
++nwhite;
}
else
{
++nother;
}
}
}

printf("digits =");

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
printf(" %d", ndigit[i]);
}

printf(", white space = %d, other = %d\n",
nwhite, nother);

}

[Vig]

--
--
Vig
"JS" <sf****@asdas.c om> wrote in message
news:d1******** **@news.net.uni-c.dk...

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int c, i, nwhite, nother;
int ndigit[10];

nwhite = nother = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
ndigit[i] = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
++ndigit[c-'0'];
else
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nwhite;
else
++nother;

printf("digits =");
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
printf(" %d", ndigit[i]);

printf(", white space = %d, other = %d\n",
nwhite, nother);

}

Where does the above while loop end?? For some reason all the examples I
have read with C code there is no brackets to confine the while loop (like
in Java).

I believe the while loop extends till the line just prior to the first
printf statement. This is because only the line immediately after a while
loop is in its scope. However, the if statemnt's scope extends back to the
while loop.

--
Vig

[Lew Pitcher]

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Hash: SHA1

JS wrote:

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int c, i, nwhite, nother;
int ndigit[10];

nwhite = nother = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
ndigit[i] = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
++ndigit[c-'0'];
else
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nwhite;
else
++nother;

printf("digits =");
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
printf(" %d", ndigit[i]);

printf(", white space = %d, other = %d\n",
nwhite, nother);

}

Where does the above while loop end??
In C, a while() statement consists of three parts:
1) the 'while' keyword,
2) a condition, enclosed in parenthesis, and
3) a single statement to be executed if the condition tests true

In C, a series of statements, enclosed in brace brackets, is considered to be a
single statement.

Thus:
while (1) printf("Contini ous loop\n");
and
while (1) { printf("Contini ous loop\n");
are equivalent.

So, to answer your question, the while() statement in your example code extends
from the while() to the ++nother;

Or in other words, the following is a whole while() statement.

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
++ndigit[c-'0'];
else
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nwhite;
else
++nother;
For some reason all the examples I
have read with C code there is no brackets to confine the while loop (like
in Java).

The implication is that Java requires that the body of a while loop be enclosed
in brace brackets. So?? What's Java got to do with it? Different languages have
different rules.

- --
Lew Pitcher
IT Specialist, Enterprise Data Systems,
Enterprise Technology Solutions, TD Bank Financial Group

(Opinions expressed are my own, not my employers')
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[Lew Pitcher]

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

Lew Pitcher wrote:
[snip]

In C, a while() statement consists of three parts:
1) the 'while' keyword,
2) a condition, enclosed in parenthesis, and
3) a single statement to be executed if the condition tests true

In C, a series of statements, enclosed in brace brackets, is considered to be a
single statement.

Thus:
while (1) printf("Contini ous loop\n");
and
while (1) { printf("Contini ous loop\n");
Oops. Correction
while (1) { printf("Contini ous loop\n"); }

are equivalent.

[snip]

- --
Lew Pitcher
IT Specialist, Enterprise Data Systems,
Enterprise Technology Solutions, TD Bank Financial Group

(Opinions expressed are my own, not my employers')
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[Keith Thompson]

"JS" <sf****@asdas.c om> writes:

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int c, i, nwhite, nother;
int ndigit[10];

nwhite = nother = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
ndigit[i] = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
++ndigit[c-'0'];
else
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nwhite;
else
++nother;

printf("digits =");
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
printf(" %d", ndigit[i]);

printf(", white space = %d, other = %d\n",
nwhite, nother);

}

Where does the above while loop end?? For some reason all the examples I
have read with C code there is no brackets to confine the while loop (like
in Java).

A while() always controls a single statement. Typically that single
statement is a compound statement, which is delimited by '{' and '}',
but it can be any statement.

In this case, the single statement is the if-else statement consisting
of the 7 lines following the while().

Note that the indentation on the last two of those lines is incorrect;
the "else" should be directly under the "if", and the "++nother;"
should be directly under the "++nwhite;" . (This isn't incorrect in
the sense that a compiler is going to complain about it, but it's
misleading.)

Personally, I always use braces around sub-statements like this (a
habit I picked up from Perl, which requires them). Mike Deskevich's
fully braced version of your program appears to be correct.

--
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keit h) ks***@mib.org <http://www.ghoti.net/~kst>
San Diego Supercomputer Center <*> <http://users.sdsc.edu/~kst>
We must do something. This is something. Therefore, we must do this.

[CBFalconer]

JS wrote:

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int c, i, nwhite, nother;
int ndigit[10];

nwhite = nother = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
ndigit[i] = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
++ndigit[c-'0'];
else
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nwhite;
else
++nother;

printf("digits =");
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
printf(" %d", ndigit[i]);

printf(", white space = %d, other = %d\n",
nwhite, nother);

}

Where does the above while loop end?? For some reason all the
examples I have read with C code there is no brackets to confine
the while loop (like in Java).

It ends after one statement, which may be a compound statement,
effected via {}. Better indentation and formatting will show
things up clearly, as in:

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ++ndigit[c-'0'];
else if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t') ++nwhite;
else ++nother;

I don't believe in extra braces when the complete condition/action
can be specified on one line of reasonable length.

--
"If you want to post a followup via groups.google.c om, don't use
the broken "Reply" link at the bottom of the article. Click on
"show options" at the top of the article, then click on the
"Reply" at the bottom of the article headers." - Keith Thompson

[Peter Nilsson]

CBFalconer wrote:

... Better indentation and formatting will show
things up clearly, as in:
.
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ++ndigit[c-'0'];
else if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t') ++nwhite;
else ++nother;
.
I don't believe in extra braces when the complete condition/action
can be specified on one line of reasonable length.

Does that mean you're writing...

while (blah) continue;

....instead of...

while (blah)
{
continue;
}

....these days! ;)

--
Peter

[pete]

Peter Nilsson wrote:

CBFalconer wrote:

... Better indentation and formatting will show
things up clearly, as in:
.
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ++ndigit[c-'0'];
else if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t') ++nwhite;
else ++nother;
.
I don't believe in extra braces when the complete condition/action
can be specified on one line of reasonable length.

Does that mean you're writing...

while (blah) continue;

...instead of...

while (blah)
{
continue;
}

...these days! ;)

I prefer compound statements with all ifs and loops.
It makes reading simpler.

--
pete

[CBFalconer]

Peter Nilsson wrote:

CBFalconer wrote:

... Better indentation and formatting will show
things up clearly, as in:
.
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ++ndigit[c-'0'];
else if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t') ++nwhite;
else ++nother;
.
I don't believe in extra braces when the complete condition/action
can be specified on one line of reasonable length.

Does that mean you're writing...

while (blah) continue;

...instead of...

while (blah)
{
continue;
}

...these days! ;)

Definitely. Wouldn't have it any other way :-)

int flushln(FILE *f)
{
int ch;

while (('\n' != (ch = getc(f))) && (EOF != ch)) continue;
return ch;
}

--
"If you want to post a followup via groups.google.c om, don't use
the broken "Reply" link at the bottom of the article. Click on
"show options" at the top of the article, then click on the
"Reply" at the bottom of the article headers." - Keith Thompson