473,749 Members | 2,492 Online
Bytes | Software Development & Data Engineering Community
+ Post

Home Posts Topics Members FAQ

Security exception while opening an OleDBConnection

Hi,

I've created a web application and through this I want to import Excel data
to database.
Following is the code that I've written,

*************** *************** *************** *************** *******
string fileLocation = txtboxFileName. Text.ToString() ;
string sheetName = "Import";
string connectionStrin g = @"Provider=Micr osoft.Jet.OLEDB .4.0;Data
Source="+fileLo cation+";Extend ed Properties=Exce l 8.0";
string strSQL = "select * from ["+sheetName +"$]";

OleDbConnection cn = new OleDbConnection (connectionStri ng); // It's failing
here

cn.Open();
OleDbCommand cm = new OleDbCommand(st rSQL,cn);
OleDbDataAdapte r da = new OleDbDataAdapte r(cm);
DataSet excelDS = new DataSet();
da.Fill(excelDS );
............... .......
............... .......
............... .......
*************** *************** *************** *************** *******

I've used OleDBConnection for reading the excel, but it's giving me a
Security Exception.
Here's the exception:

############### ############### ############### ############### ########
Server Error in '/PreSa' Application.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Security Exception
Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not allowed
by the security policy. To grant this application the required permission
please contact your system administrator or change the application's trust
level in the configuration file.

Exception Details: System.Security .SecurityExcept ion: Request failed.

Source Error:

An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web
request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can
be identified using the exception stack trace below.

Stack Trace:

[SecurityExcepti on: Request failed.]
Try2.WebUserCon trol2.btnSend_C lick(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0
System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.OnClick(Even tArgs e) +108

System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.System.Web.U I.IPostBackEven tHandler.RaiseP ostBackEvent(St ring eventArgument) +57
System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(IPostBa ckEventHandler
sourceControl, String eventArgument) +18
System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(NameVal ueCollection postData) +33
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ estMain() +2112
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est() +217
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est(HttpContext context) +18

System.Web.Call HandlerExecutio nStep.System.We b.HttpApplicati on+IExecutionSt ep.Execute() +179
System.Web.Http Application.Exe cuteStep(IExecu tionStep step, Boolean&
completedSynchr onously) +87


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:1.1.432 2.2300; ASP.NET
Version:1.1.432 2.2300

############### ############### ############### ############### ########

Please help me as it's very urgent.

Thanks a ton.
Regards,
Lotus

Feb 3 '06 #1
5 2465
Lotus,
You can start out by ensuring the windows identity your ASP.NET app is
running under has full permissions on the folder the Excel workbook resides
in. If you want a quick test,
add an
<identity impersonate="tr ue" userName="Admin Account" password="pass" />
element to your web.config to make the app run under an Administrator
account temporarily. Normally this account would have full permissions so
it's a quick way to test if that's the issue.

Otherwise, it could be some anomalies in your connection string.

Peter

--
Co-founder, Eggheadcafe.com developer portal:
http://www.eggheadcafe.com
UnBlog:
http://petesbloggerama.blogspot.com


"CyberLotus " wrote:
Hi,

I've created a web application and through this I want to import Excel data
to database.
Following is the code that I've written,

*************** *************** *************** *************** *******
string fileLocation = txtboxFileName. Text.ToString() ;
string sheetName = "Import";
string connectionStrin g = @"Provider=Micr osoft.Jet.OLEDB .4.0;Data
Source="+fileLo cation+";Extend ed Properties=Exce l 8.0";
string strSQL = "select * from ["+sheetName +"$]";

OleDbConnection cn = new OleDbConnection (connectionStri ng); // It's failing
here

cn.Open();
OleDbCommand cm = new OleDbCommand(st rSQL,cn);
OleDbDataAdapte r da = new OleDbDataAdapte r(cm);
DataSet excelDS = new DataSet();
da.Fill(excelDS );
............... ......
............... ......
............... ......
*************** *************** *************** *************** *******

I've used OleDBConnection for reading the excel, but it's giving me a
Security Exception.
Here's the exception:

############### ############### ############### ############### ########
Server Error in '/PreSa' Application.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Security Exception
Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not allowed
by the security policy. To grant this application the required permission
please contact your system administrator or change the application's trust
level in the configuration file.

Exception Details: System.Security .SecurityExcept ion: Request failed.

Source Error:

An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web
request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can
be identified using the exception stack trace below.

Stack Trace:

[SecurityExcepti on: Request failed.]
Try2.WebUserCon trol2.btnSend_C lick(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0
System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.OnClick(Even tArgs e) +108

System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.System.Web.U I.IPostBackEven tHandler.RaiseP ostBackEvent(St ring eventArgument) +57
System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(IPostBa ckEventHandler
sourceControl, String eventArgument) +18
System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(NameVal ueCollection postData) +33
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ estMain() +2112
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est() +217
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est(HttpContext context) +18

System.Web.Call HandlerExecutio nStep.System.We b.HttpApplicati on+IExecutionSt ep.Execute() +179
System.Web.Http Application.Exe cuteStep(IExecu tionStep step, Boolean&
completedSynchr onously) +87


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:1.1.432 2.2300; ASP.NET
Version:1.1.432 2.2300

############### ############### ############### ############### ########

Please help me as it's very urgent.

Thanks a ton.
Regards,
Lotus

Feb 3 '06 #2

"CyberLotus " <Cy********@dis cussions.micros oft.com> wrote in message
news:D6******** *************** ***********@mic rosoft.com...
| Hi,
|
| I've created a web application and through this I want to import Excel
data
| to database.
| Following is the code that I've written,
|
| *************** *************** *************** *************** *******
| string fileLocation = txtboxFileName. Text.ToString() ;
| string sheetName = "Import";
| string connectionStrin g = @"Provider=Micr osoft.Jet.OLEDB .4.0;Data
| Source="+fileLo cation+";Extend ed Properties=Exce l 8.0";
| string strSQL = "select * from ["+sheetName +"$]";
|
| OleDbConnection cn = new OleDbConnection (connectionStri ng); // It's
failing
| here
|
| cn.Open();
| OleDbCommand cm = new OleDbCommand(st rSQL,cn);
| OleDbDataAdapte r da = new OleDbDataAdapte r(cm);
| DataSet excelDS = new DataSet();
| da.Fill(excelDS );
| ............... ......
| ............... ......
| ............... ......
| *************** *************** *************** *************** *******
|
| I've used OleDBConnection for reading the excel, but it's giving me a
| Security Exception.
| Here's the exception:
|
| ############### ############### ############### ############### ########
| Server Error in '/PreSa' Application.
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Security Exception
| Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not allowed
| by the security policy. To grant this application the required permission
| please contact your system administrator or change the application's trust
| level in the configuration file.
|
| Exception Details: System.Security .SecurityExcept ion: Request failed.
|
| Source Error:
|
| An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current
web
| request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception
can
| be identified using the exception stack trace below.
|
| Stack Trace:
|
| [SecurityExcepti on: Request failed.]
| Try2.WebUserCon trol2.btnSend_C lick(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0
| System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.OnClick(Even tArgs e) +108
|
|
System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.System.Web.U I.IPostBackEven tHandler.RaiseP ostBackEvent(St ring
eventArgument) +57
| System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(IPostBa ckEventHandler
| sourceControl, String eventArgument) +18
| System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(NameVal ueCollection postData) +33
| System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ estMain() +2112
| System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est() +217
| System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est(HttpContext context) +18
|
|
System.Web.Call HandlerExecutio nStep.System.We b.HttpApplicati on+IExecutionSt ep.Execute()
+179
| System.Web.Http Application.Exe cuteStep(IExecu tionStep step, Boolean&
| completedSynchr onously) +87
|
|
|
|
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:1.1.432 2.2300;
ASP.NET
| Version:1.1.432 2.2300
|
| ############### ############### ############### ############### ########
|
| Please help me as it's very urgent.
|
| Thanks a ton.
|
|
| Regards,
| Lotus
|

Seems like you are loading and running this from a network share, right?
In that case you need to adjust your security policy settings, search MSDN
for details about caspol.exe, this utility can be used to set the correct
policy for your scenario.

Willy.

Feb 3 '06 #3

"Willy Denoyette [MVP]" <wi************ *@telenet.be> wrote in message
news:u3******** *****@TK2MSFTNG P14.phx.gbl...
|
||
|
| Seems like you are loading and running this from a network share, right?
| In that case you need to adjust your security policy settings, search MSDN
| for details about caspol.exe, this utility can be used to set the correct
| policy for your scenario.
|
| Willy.
|

Sorry should be "running this from an internet site". But the same policy
applies, your web service doesn't have sufficient trust to access the
(local/remote?) file (excel).

Willy.


Feb 3 '06 #4
Hi Peter,

I tried with the quick test that you mentioned and there's no anomaly in the
connection string.
Please let me know what could be the issue.

Thanks.
"Peter Bromberg [C# MVP]" wrote:
Lotus,
You can start out by ensuring the windows identity your ASP.NET app is
running under has full permissions on the folder the Excel workbook resides
in. If you want a quick test,
add an
<identity impersonate="tr ue" userName="Admin Account" password="pass" />
element to your web.config to make the app run under an Administrator
account temporarily. Normally this account would have full permissions so
it's a quick way to test if that's the issue.

Otherwise, it could be some anomalies in your connection string.

Peter

--
Co-founder, Eggheadcafe.com developer portal:
http://www.eggheadcafe.com
UnBlog:
http://petesbloggerama.blogspot.com


"CyberLotus " wrote:
Hi,

I've created a web application and through this I want to import Excel data
to database.
Following is the code that I've written,

*************** *************** *************** *************** *******
string fileLocation = txtboxFileName. Text.ToString() ;
string sheetName = "Import";
string connectionStrin g = @"Provider=Micr osoft.Jet.OLEDB .4.0;Data
Source="+fileLo cation+";Extend ed Properties=Exce l 8.0";
string strSQL = "select * from ["+sheetName +"$]";

OleDbConnection cn = new OleDbConnection (connectionStri ng); // It's failing
here

cn.Open();
OleDbCommand cm = new OleDbCommand(st rSQL,cn);
OleDbDataAdapte r da = new OleDbDataAdapte r(cm);
DataSet excelDS = new DataSet();
da.Fill(excelDS );
............... ......
............... ......
............... ......
*************** *************** *************** *************** *******

I've used OleDBConnection for reading the excel, but it's giving me a
Security Exception.
Here's the exception:

############### ############### ############### ############### ########
Server Error in '/PreSa' Application.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Security Exception
Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not allowed
by the security policy. To grant this application the required permission
please contact your system administrator or change the application's trust
level in the configuration file.

Exception Details: System.Security .SecurityExcept ion: Request failed.

Source Error:

An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web
request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can
be identified using the exception stack trace below.

Stack Trace:

[SecurityExcepti on: Request failed.]
Try2.WebUserCon trol2.btnSend_C lick(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0
System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.OnClick(Even tArgs e) +108

System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.System.Web.U I.IPostBackEven tHandler.RaiseP ostBackEvent(St ring eventArgument) +57
System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(IPostBa ckEventHandler
sourceControl, String eventArgument) +18
System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(NameVal ueCollection postData) +33
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ estMain() +2112
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est() +217
System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est(HttpContext context) +18

System.Web.Call HandlerExecutio nStep.System.We b.HttpApplicati on+IExecutionSt ep.Execute() +179
System.Web.Http Application.Exe cuteStep(IExecu tionStep step, Boolean&
completedSynchr onously) +87


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:1.1.432 2.2300; ASP.NET
Version:1.1.432 2.2300

############### ############### ############### ############### ########

Please help me as it's very urgent.

Thanks a ton.
Regards,
Lotus

Feb 7 '06 #5
System.Security .SecurityExcept ion has nothing to do with your
connectionstrin g, these kind of exceptions are code access security (CAS)
related. That is "where do you load" the executing asssembly from (e.i from
a network share/mapped drive) and what do you expect this code to do with
respect to security policy privileges. Please read all about CAS and the
Caspol utility in the framework dosc.
Willy.

"CyberLotus " <Cy********@dis cussions.micros oft.com> wrote in message
news:69******** *************** ***********@mic rosoft.com...
| Hi Peter,
|
| I tried with the quick test that you mentioned and there's no anomaly in
the
| connection string.
| Please let me know what could be the issue.
|
| Thanks.
|
|
| "Peter Bromberg [C# MVP]" wrote:
|
| > Lotus,
| > You can start out by ensuring the windows identity your ASP.NET app is
| > running under has full permissions on the folder the Excel workbook
resides
| > in. If you want a quick test,
| > add an
| > <identity impersonate="tr ue" userName="Admin Account" password="pass" />
| > element to your web.config to make the app run under an Administrator
| > account temporarily. Normally this account would have full permissions
so
| > it's a quick way to test if that's the issue.
| >
| > Otherwise, it could be some anomalies in your connection string.
| >
| > Peter
| >
| > --
| > Co-founder, Eggheadcafe.com developer portal:
| > http://www.eggheadcafe.com
| > UnBlog:
| > http://petesbloggerama.blogspot.com
| >
| >
| >
| >
| > "CyberLotus " wrote:
| >
| > > Hi,
| > >
| > > I've created a web application and through this I want to import Excel
data
| > > to database.
| > > Following is the code that I've written,
| > >
| > > *************** *************** *************** *************** *******
| > > string fileLocation = txtboxFileName. Text.ToString() ;
| > > string sheetName = "Import";
| > > string connectionStrin g = @"Provider=Micr osoft.Jet.OLEDB .4.0;Data
| > > Source="+fileLo cation+";Extend ed Properties=Exce l 8.0";
| > > string strSQL = "select * from ["+sheetName +"$]";
| > >
| > > OleDbConnection cn = new OleDbConnection (connectionStri ng); // It's
failing
| > > here
| > >
| > > cn.Open();
| > > OleDbCommand cm = new OleDbCommand(st rSQL,cn);
| > > OleDbDataAdapte r da = new OleDbDataAdapte r(cm);
| > > DataSet excelDS = new DataSet();
| > > da.Fill(excelDS );
| > > ............... ......
| > > ............... ......
| > > ............... ......
| > > *************** *************** *************** *************** *******
| > >
| > > I've used OleDBConnection for reading the excel, but it's giving me a
| > > Security Exception.
| > > Here's the exception:
| > >
| > > ############### ############### ############### ############### ########
| > > Server Error in '/PreSa' Application.
| >
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | > >
| > > Security Exception
| > > Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not
allowed
| > > by the security policy. To grant this application the required
permission
| > > please contact your system administrator or change the application's
trust
| > > level in the configuration file.
| > >
| > > Exception Details: System.Security .SecurityExcept ion: Request failed.
| > >
| > > Source Error:
| > >
| > > An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the
current web
| > > request. Information regarding the origin and location of the
exception can
| > > be identified using the exception stack trace below.
| > >
| > > Stack Trace:
| > >
| > > [SecurityExcepti on: Request failed.]
| > > Try2.WebUserCon trol2.btnSend_C lick(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0
| > > System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.OnClick(Even tArgs e) +108
| > >
| > >
System.Web.UI.W ebControls.Butt on.System.Web.U I.IPostBackEven tHandler.RaiseP ostBackEvent(St ring
eventArgument) +57
| > > System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(IPostBa ckEventHandler
| > > sourceControl, String eventArgument) +18
| > > System.Web.UI.P age.RaisePostBa ckEvent(NameVal ueCollection postData)
+33
| > > System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ estMain() +2112
| > > System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est() +217
| > > System.Web.UI.P age.ProcessRequ est(HttpContext context) +18
| > >
| > >
System.Web.Call HandlerExecutio nStep.System.We b.HttpApplicati on+IExecutionSt ep.Execute()
+179
| > > System.Web.Http Application.Exe cuteStep(IExecu tionStep step,
Boolean&
| > > completedSynchr onously) +87
| > >
| > >
| > >
| > >
| > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| > > Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:1.1.432 2.2300;
ASP.NET
| > > Version:1.1.432 2.2300
| > >
| > > ############### ############### ############### ############### ########
| > >
| > > Please help me as it's very urgent.
| > >
| > > Thanks a ton.
| > >
| > >
| > > Regards,
| > > Lotus
| > >
Feb 7 '06 #6

This thread has been closed and replies have been disabled. Please start a new discussion.

Similar topics

0
1873
by: Anja | last post by:
I have installed the new Visual Studio 2003 and implemented the FolderBrowserDialog. Everything works fine, if I open the FolderBrowserDialog before opening a Database Connection. If I open the FolderBrowserDialog after I opened the database connection no folders will be displayed in the FolderBrowserDialog. It's empty.
0
1236
by: ecowalker | last post by:
Hello, I've try the following code in the ASPX and it throw a Security Exception in the runtime, but I've try to run on my colleagues machine without any problem. I am using XP Pro and IIS5.1 , I've recently change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS, is is the matter of NTFS security issue or something else?
1
1234
by: Mech | last post by:
I am trying to connect to a simple Access Database on my c drive. I am using Windows 2000 pro; nothing special. the following code produces a security exception error. Why? string ConnStr = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "DataSource=c:\\nwind.mdb"; Conn = new OleDbConnection(ConnStr); thanks for your help,
12
1971
by: Mark | last post by:
Hello, in a simple console application I try to create a file with some code like: FileStream file = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(file); sw.Write("Hello"); sw.Close(); file.Close();
2
1436
by: Daniel Conlon | last post by:
I wish to allow ASP.NET pages to make connections to Access databases using OleDBConnection. The only way I have been able to make this functionality work has been to set: Unrestricted="true" In the <PermissionSet> property applying to ASP.NET pages, otherwise I get:
0
1237
by: Petemo94 | last post by:
Folks, I am getting a "sporadic" exception that contains the following stack trace. I say sporadic b/c my DB connection usually works fine, but occasionally it fails. *** I also noted that the folder: *** C:\Documents and Settings\MyServerName\ASPNET\Local Settings\Temp
1
2109
by: spicyz | last post by:
I'm receiving an exception when my webmethod exits after opening/closing an Access database. I can reproduce this easily enough by creating a new default ASP .NET Web Service in VS.NET 2003. Adding this code to the default HelloWorld() webmethod will cause the problem. String* sConnection = S"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;User ID=Admin;Data Source=c:\\mydb.mdb";
0
942
by: CyberLotus | last post by:
Hi, I've created a web application and through this I want to import Excel data to database. Following is the code that I've written, ******************************************************************* string fileLocation = txtboxFileName.Text.ToString(); string sheetName = "Import"; string connectionString = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data
2
2301
by: John Kotuby | last post by:
Hello all, Note: This is the full version of a Post that I inadvertently sent before it was complete. About a year ago I wrote a VB.NET 2003 solution that consists of a number of assemblies (1 EXE and 15 DLLS). As I recall, in order to deploy the solution to a testing server I simply copied the contents of the Bin folder in the development area where the compiled assemblies reside. Be patient with me here, because I haven't used...
0
8996
marktang
by: marktang | last post by:
ONU (Optical Network Unit) is one of the key components for providing high-speed Internet services. Its primary function is to act as an endpoint device located at the user's premises. However, people are often confused as to whether an ONU can Work As a Router. In this blog post, we’ll explore What is ONU, What Is Router, ONU & Router’s main usage, and What is the difference between ONU and Router. Let’s take a closer look ! Part I. Meaning of...
0
8832
by: Hystou | last post by:
Most computers default to English, but sometimes we require a different language, especially when relocating. Forgot to request a specific language before your computer shipped? No problem! You can effortlessly switch the default language on Windows 10 without reinstalling. I'll walk you through it. First, let's disable language synchronization. With a Microsoft account, language settings sync across devices. To prevent any complications,...
0
9566
Oralloy
by: Oralloy | last post by:
Hello folks, I am unable to find appropriate documentation on the type promotion of bit-fields when using the generalised comparison operator "<=>". The problem is that using the GNU compilers, it seems that the internal comparison operator "<=>" tries to promote arguments from unsigned to signed. This is as boiled down as I can make it. Here is my compilation command: g++-12 -std=c++20 -Wnarrowing bit_field.cpp Here is the code in...
0
9388
jinu1996
by: jinu1996 | last post by:
In today's digital age, having a compelling online presence is paramount for businesses aiming to thrive in a competitive landscape. At the heart of this digital strategy lies an intricately woven tapestry of website design and digital marketing. It's not merely about having a website; it's about crafting an immersive digital experience that captivates audiences and drives business growth. The Art of Business Website Design Your website is...
0
8256
agi2029
by: agi2029 | last post by:
Let's talk about the concept of autonomous AI software engineers and no-code agents. These AIs are designed to manage the entire lifecycle of a software development project—planning, coding, testing, and deployment—without human intervention. Imagine an AI that can take a project description, break it down, write the code, debug it, and then launch it, all on its own.... Now, this would greatly impact the work of software developers. The idea...
1
6800
isladogs
by: isladogs | last post by:
The next Access Europe User Group meeting will be on Wednesday 1 May 2024 starting at 18:00 UK time (6PM UTC+1) and finishing by 19:30 (7.30PM). In this session, we are pleased to welcome a new presenter, Adolph Dupré who will be discussing some powerful techniques for using class modules. He will explain when you may want to use classes instead of User Defined Types (UDT). For example, to manage the data in unbound forms. Adolph will...
0
6078
by: conductexam | last post by:
I have .net C# application in which I am extracting data from word file and save it in database particularly. To store word all data as it is I am converting the whole word file firstly in HTML and then checking html paragraph one by one. At the time of converting from word file to html my equations which are in the word document file was convert into image. Globals.ThisAddIn.Application.ActiveDocument.Select();...
0
4608
by: TSSRALBI | last post by:
Hello I'm a network technician in training and I need your help. I am currently learning how to create and manage the different types of VPNs and I have a question about LAN-to-LAN VPNs. The last exercise I practiced was to create a LAN-to-LAN VPN between two Pfsense firewalls, by using IPSEC protocols. I succeeded, with both firewalls in the same network. But I'm wondering if it's possible to do the same thing, with 2 Pfsense firewalls...
0
4879
by: adsilva | last post by:
A Windows Forms form does not have the event Unload, like VB6. What one acts like?

By using Bytes.com and it's services, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

To disable or enable advertisements and analytics tracking please visit the manage ads & tracking page.