473,781 Members | 2,625 Online
Bytes | Software Development & Data Engineering Community
+ Post

Home Posts Topics Members FAQ

"Like" in Query String

Hello All!

I am using the following code during an On Click event for a button.
It works properly to create a query for a report:

Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text30.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text31.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text32.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text33.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text34.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text35.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text36.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text37.Value & "'"
End If
If Len(strWhere) 1 Then

strWhere = Mid$(strWhere, 2)
strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
'strWhere = "" & strLike & " AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
End If

DoCmd.OpenRepor t "qryAm", acViewPreview, , strWhere
End Sub

----------------------------------

The line I would specifically like to ask about is the following:

strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"

How would I include a "Like" in the string?
Psuedocode - AC IN LIKE *strWhwere*

Thank you in advance!

Brad

Nov 30 '06 #1
9 2447
Drum2001 wrote:
Hello All!

I am using the following code during an On Click event for a button.
It works properly to create a query for a report:

Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text30.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text31.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text32.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text33.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text34.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text35.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text36.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text37.Value & "'"
End If
If Len(strWhere) 1 Then

strWhere = Mid$(strWhere, 2)
strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
'strWhere = "" & strLike & " AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
End If

DoCmd.OpenRepor t "qryAm", acViewPreview, , strWhere
End Sub

----------------------------------

The line I would specifically like to ask about is the following:

strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"

How would I include a "Like" in the string?
Psuedocode - AC IN LIKE *strWhwere*

Thank you in advance!

Brad
Why not make your query use ORs instead
StrWhere = AC Like "Test*" Or
AC Like "Question*" Or
AC Like "Answer*"

Nov 30 '06 #2
Would that be static?

Users are not always going to enter information in every textbox.

If not, how would I exactly code the strWhere?
salad wrote:
Drum2001 wrote:
Hello All!

I am using the following code during an On Click event for a button.
It works properly to create a query for a report:

Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text30.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text31.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text32.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text33.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text34.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text35.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text36.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text37.Value & "'"
End If
If Len(strWhere) 1 Then

strWhere = Mid$(strWhere, 2)
strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
'strWhere = "" & strLike & " AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
End If

DoCmd.OpenRepor t "qryAm", acViewPreview, , strWhere
End Sub

----------------------------------

The line I would specifically like to ask about is the following:

strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"

How would I include a "Like" in the string?
Psuedocode - AC IN LIKE *strWhwere*

Thank you in advance!

Brad
Why not make your query use ORs instead
StrWhere = AC Like "Test*" Or
AC Like "Question*" Or
AC Like "Answer*"
Nov 30 '06 #3
Drum2001 wrote:
Would that be static?

Users are not always going to enter information in every textbox.

If not, how would I exactly code the strWhere?
salad wrote:
>>Drum2001 wrote:

>>>Hello All!

I am using the following code during an On Click event for a button.
It works properly to create a query for a report:

Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text30.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text31.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text32.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text33.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text34.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text35.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text36.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text37.Value & "'"
End If
If Len(strWhere) 1 Then

strWhere = Mid$(strWhere, 2)
strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
'strWhere = "" & strLike & " AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
End If

DoCmd.OpenRe port "qryAm", acViewPreview, , strWhere
End Sub

----------------------------------

The line I would specifically like to ask about is the following:

strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"

How would I include a "Like" in the string?
Psuedocode - AC IN LIKE *strWhwere*

Thank you in advance!

Brad

Why not make your query use ORs instead
StrWhere = AC Like "Test*" Or
AC Like "Question*" Or
AC Like "Answer*"

Looking at the code you have up above you do check 3 or 4 checkboxes.
If Not IsNull(x) Then
strWhere = "AC Like '" & x & "' Or "
ENdif
If Not IsNull(y) Then
strWhere = "AC Like '" & y & "' Or "
ENdif
'remove the OR
strWhere = Left(strWhere,L en(strWHere)-4)
Nov 30 '06 #4
When I use this code, it only searches one textbox. It is the one that
it uses last.. Seems like its overwrighting. This is what I have:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text30 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text32 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text33 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text34 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text35 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text36 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text37 & "'"
End If
'remove the OR
strWHere = Left(strWHere, Len(strWHere) - 4)
DoCmd.OpenRepor t "qryAcronym ", acViewPreview, , strWHere

End Sub

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Any suggestions? I really appreciate your assistance!

Brad
salad wrote:
Drum2001 wrote:
Would that be static?

Users are not always going to enter information in every textbox.

If not, how would I exactly code the strWhere?
salad wrote:
>Drum2001 wrote:
Hello All!

I am using the following code during an On Click event for a button.
It works properly to create a query for a report:

Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text30.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text31.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text32.Value & "'"
End If
If IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text33.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text34.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text35.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text36.Value & "'"
End If

If IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
' No criteria here - so ignore
Else
strWhere = strWhere & ",'" & Me.Text37.Value & "'"
End If
If Len(strWhere) 1 Then

strWhere = Mid$(strWhere, 2)
strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
'strWhere = "" & strLike & " AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"
End If

DoCmd.OpenRep ort "qryAm", acViewPreview, , strWhere
End Sub

----------------------------------

The line I would specifically like to ask about is the following:

strWhere = "AC IN (" & strWhere & ")"

How would I include a "Like" in the string?
Psuedocode - AC IN LIKE *strWhwere*

Thank you in advance!

Brad
Why not make your query use ORs instead
StrWhere = AC Like "Test*" Or
AC Like "Question*" Or
AC Like "Answer*"
Looking at the code you have up above you do check 3 or 4 checkboxes.
If Not IsNull(x) Then
strWhere = "AC Like '" & x & "' Or "
ENdif
If Not IsNull(y) Then
strWhere = "AC Like '" & y & "' Or "
ENdif
'remove the OR
strWhere = Left(strWhere,L en(strWHere)-4)
Dec 1 '06 #5

Drum2001 wrote:
When I use this code, it only searches one textbox. It is the one that
it uses last.. Seems like its overwrighting. This is what I have:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text30 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 2) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text32 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 3) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text33 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 4) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text34 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 5) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text35 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 6) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text36 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 7) Then
strWHere = "AC Like '" & Me.Text37 & "'"
End If
'remove the OR
strWHere = Left(strWHere, Len(strWHere) - 4)
DoCmd.OpenRepor t "qryAcronym ", acViewPreview, , strWHere

End Sub

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Any suggestions? I really appreciate your assistance!

Brad
You need to replace "strWHere = " with "strWHere = strWhere & " in your
code.

Bruce

Dec 1 '06 #6
Drum2001 wrote:
When I use this code, it only searches one textbox. It is the one that
it uses last.. Seems like its overwrighting. This is what I have:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text30 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "
End If
<snip>

First of all your form object naming convention, or lack of one sucks. 8)

But to address your problem, your code is rewriting the whole of
strWhere everytime an if statement is executed. To fix what you have,
on the second if statement shown above, and all the remaining ones replace:

strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "

with

strWHere = strwhere & "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "

That will do it.
--
Tim http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~tmarshal/
^o<
/#) "Burp-beep, burp-beep, burp-beep?" - Quaker Jake
/^^ "Be Careful, Big Bird!" - Ditto "TIM-MAY!!" - Me
Dec 1 '06 #7
Tim Marshall wrote:
Drum2001 wrote:
>When I use this code, it only searches one textbox. It is the one that
it uses last.. Seems like its overwrighting. This is what I have:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text30 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "
End If


<snip>

First of all your form object naming convention, or lack of one sucks. 8)
I would be constantly wondering what Textxx and Textyy were. Debugging
time would be high in a serious application.
But to address your problem, your code is rewriting the whole of
strWhere everytime an if statement is executed. To fix what you have,
on the second if statement shown above, and all the remaining ones replace:

strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "

with

strWHere = strwhere & "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "

That will do it.
DOH! Thanks Tim and Deluxe for spotting the logic error.
Dec 1 '06 #8
EXCELLENT!!!
THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE!!!
Tim Marshall wrote:
Drum2001 wrote:
When I use this code, it only searches one textbox. It is the one that
it uses last.. Seems like its overwrighting. This is what I have:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command14_Click ()
If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 0) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text30 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

If Not IsNull(Me.Text3 1) Then
strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "
End If

<snip>

First of all your form object naming convention, or lack of one sucks. 8)

But to address your problem, your code is rewriting the whole of
strWhere everytime an if statement is executed. To fix what you have,
on the second if statement shown above, and all the remaining ones replace:

strWHere = "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "

with

strWHere = strwhere & "ACLike '" & Me.Text31 & "*" & "' Or "

That will do it.
--
Tim http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~tmarshal/
^o<
/#) "Burp-beep, burp-beep, burp-beep?" - Quaker Jake
/^^ "Be Careful, Big Bird!" - Ditto "TIM-MAY!!" - Me
Dec 1 '06 #9
salad wrote:
DOH! Thanks Tim and Deluxe for spotting the logic error.
Sorry salad, I read the post and didn't notice the "Re" - I thought it
was a first post. Didn't mean to jump in on you. 8)
--
Tim http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~tmarshal/
^o<
/#) "Burp-beep, burp-beep, burp-beep?" - Quaker Jake
/^^ "Be Careful, Big Bird!" - Ditto "TIM-MAY!!" - Me
Dec 1 '06 #10

This thread has been closed and replies have been disabled. Please start a new discussion.

Similar topics

5
48334
by: NK | last post by:
Hi all, Does anyone know of how I can disable case sensitivity for the LIKE function in SQL? Currently the SQL statement looks like: $query = "SELECT * FROM itrader_games WHERE console='$console' AND genre='$genre' AND title LIKE '%$title%' ";
3
4207
by: Alastair | last post by:
Hello guys, I've been building a search facility for an intranet site I'm part of developing and we've been building a search engine using Index Server. It mostly works, however there have been a few niggling problems and fixing it seems to be a case of patching errors as we find them so I'm thinking that it might be worth starting the logic from scratch and rebuilding this again. Basically we have a simple search, which is simply a...
10
7595
by: joshsackett | last post by:
I am starting an encryption project for my database and I'm performing some tests on decryption speed. A lot of my application queries use a LIKE parameter in the WHERE clause. To keep from changing my application I am performing all the work on the back-end; creating views, triggers and UDFs to encrypt/decrypt the data. A problem has arisen around the LIKE parameter, though. Currently: SELECT SSN, FNAME, LNAME FROM USERS WHERE LNAME...
2
13363
by: Dave Smithz | last post by:
Hello there, Summary: How far can you go with SQL Select queries using like clauses with wildcard characters. Can you apply anything like regular expressions? Full details: On a Intranet website, I request a code from a user which is then compared with a code in an ADO access database.
1
10958
by: Rick Brown | last post by:
I'm trying to scan a barcode that contains the text string "BPWOT08762" into a textbox for use in a DLookup or query grid. I want to look thru a table's field that contains the last 6 characters of the barcode plus a 1 character prefix. Test Data in table: SerialNumber
11
6409
by: Bruce Lawrence | last post by:
Ok, I'm baffled... I'm making a query in access 97 between 2 tables. There is a field in both tables called "DWGNO". OPENORD has a record with a DWGNO of "00000012345" DIEDATA has a record with a DWGNO of "12345" I'm not doing this with VBA right now. I'm doing it through the query gui.
5
2396
by: brino | last post by:
hi all ! i want to use the "like" function in a query but i want the user to enter the search variable. i have tried "like" but this doesnt return any results for some reason. any ideas ??? thanks brino
10
3402
ChaseCox
by: ChaseCox | last post by:
I have a Database Called FalconAnalysis.mdb. The table I am wanting to use is called Generic Material. The Query I want to pass the value into is called Material Query. The field in the query is called Order_Model. I would like to pass the result, "strSize", from the following string of code into the Order_Model field of Material Query, which looks at generic Material Table. Private Sub MakeFilter2() strSize = "" If Nz(chkv2125S,...
4
17775
by: teddysnips | last post by:
I am just getting to grips with LINQ to SQL and my first attempt is to create a Search form. I need the LINQ to generate SQL like this: SELECT * FROM CustomerTable WHERE Surname LIKE 'S%' My LINQ so far looks like this: var cons = from c in db.CustomerTable
0
9474
by: Hystou | last post by:
Most computers default to English, but sometimes we require a different language, especially when relocating. Forgot to request a specific language before your computer shipped? No problem! You can effortlessly switch the default language on Windows 10 without reinstalling. I'll walk you through it. First, let's disable language synchronization. With a Microsoft account, language settings sync across devices. To prevent any complications,...
0
10308
Oralloy
by: Oralloy | last post by:
Hello folks, I am unable to find appropriate documentation on the type promotion of bit-fields when using the generalised comparison operator "<=>". The problem is that using the GNU compilers, it seems that the internal comparison operator "<=>" tries to promote arguments from unsigned to signed. This is as boiled down as I can make it. Here is my compilation command: g++-12 -std=c++20 -Wnarrowing bit_field.cpp Here is the code in...
0
10143
jinu1996
by: jinu1996 | last post by:
In today's digital age, having a compelling online presence is paramount for businesses aiming to thrive in a competitive landscape. At the heart of this digital strategy lies an intricately woven tapestry of website design and digital marketing. It's not merely about having a website; it's about crafting an immersive digital experience that captivates audiences and drives business growth. The Art of Business Website Design Your website is...
1
10076
by: Hystou | last post by:
Overview: Windows 11 and 10 have less user interface control over operating system update behaviour than previous versions of Windows. In Windows 11 and 10, there is no way to turn off the Windows Update option using the Control Panel or Settings app; it automatically checks for updates and installs any it finds, whether you like it or not. For most users, this new feature is actually very convenient. If you want to control the update process,...
0
9939
tracyyun
by: tracyyun | last post by:
Dear forum friends, With the development of smart home technology, a variety of wireless communication protocols have appeared on the market, such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. Each protocol has its own unique characteristics and advantages, but as a user who is planning to build a smart home system, I am a bit confused by the choice of these technologies. I'm particularly interested in Zigbee because I've heard it does some...
0
6729
by: conductexam | last post by:
I have .net C# application in which I am extracting data from word file and save it in database particularly. To store word all data as it is I am converting the whole word file firstly in HTML and then checking html paragraph one by one. At the time of converting from word file to html my equations which are in the word document file was convert into image. Globals.ThisAddIn.Application.ActiveDocument.Select();...
0
5375
by: TSSRALBI | last post by:
Hello I'm a network technician in training and I need your help. I am currently learning how to create and manage the different types of VPNs and I have a question about LAN-to-LAN VPNs. The last exercise I practiced was to create a LAN-to-LAN VPN between two Pfsense firewalls, by using IPSEC protocols. I succeeded, with both firewalls in the same network. But I'm wondering if it's possible to do the same thing, with 2 Pfsense firewalls...
0
5507
by: adsilva | last post by:
A Windows Forms form does not have the event Unload, like VB6. What one acts like?
3
2870
bsmnconsultancy
by: bsmnconsultancy | last post by:
In today's digital era, a well-designed website is crucial for businesses looking to succeed. Whether you're a small business owner or a large corporation in Toronto, having a strong online presence can significantly impact your brand's success. BSMN Consultancy, a leader in Website Development in Toronto offers valuable insights into creating effective websites that not only look great but also perform exceptionally well. In this comprehensive...

By using Bytes.com and it's services, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

To disable or enable advertisements and analytics tracking please visit the manage ads & tracking page.