473,651 Members | 2,538 Online
Bytes | Software Development & Data Engineering Community
+ Post

Home Posts Topics Members FAQ

Singleton in Python Cookbook

Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this moment
I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of type

(I haven't presented the original code as I am not sure about copyrights).

bests,
../alex
--
..w( the_mindstorm )p.

Jul 25 '07 #1
9 2008
Alex Popescu schrieb:
Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this moment
I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of type

(I haven't presented the original code as I am not sure about copyrights).
AFAIK the cookbook is completely found online at ASPN. So no sweat
publishing it here.
And regarding the problem: is it possible that you forgot to subclass
SingleSpam from object?

Diez
Jul 25 '07 #2
"Diez B. Roggisch" <de***@nospam.w eb.dewrote in
news:5g******** *****@mid.uni-berlin.de:
Alex Popescu schrieb:
>Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this
moment I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working
resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of
type

(I haven't presented the original code as I am not sure about
copyrights).

AFAIK the cookbook is completely found online at ASPN. So no sweat
publishing it here.
And regarding the problem: is it possible that you forgot to subclass
SingleSpam from object?

Diez
The exact code:
class Singleton(objec t):
""" A Pythonic Singleton """
def _ _new_ _(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if '_inst' not in vars(cls):
cls._inst = type._ _new_ _(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls._inst

if _ _name_ _ == '_ _main_ _':
class SingleSpam(Sing leton):
def _ _init_ _(self, s): self.s = s
def _ _str_ _(self): return self.s
s1 = SingleSpam('spa m')
print id(s1), s1.spam( )
s2 = SingleSpam('egg s')
print id(s2), s2.spam( )

../alex
--
..w( the_mindstorm )p.

Jul 25 '07 #3
Alex Popescu <no************ *****@gmail.com wrote in
news:Xn******** *************** ***@80.91.229.5 :
"Diez B. Roggisch" <de***@nospam.w eb.dewrote in
news:5g******** *****@mid.uni-berlin.de:
>Alex Popescu schrieb:
>>Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this
moment I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working
resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of
type

(I haven't presented the original code as I am not sure about
copyrights) .

AFAIK the cookbook is completely found online at ASPN. So no sweat
publishing it here.
And regarding the problem: is it possible that you forgot to subclass
SingleSpam from object?

Diez

The exact code:
class Singleton(objec t):
""" A Pythonic Singleton """
def _ _new_ _(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if '_inst' not in vars(cls):
cls._inst = type._ _new_ _(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls._inst

if _ _name_ _ == '_ _main_ _':
class SingleSpam(Sing leton):
def _ _init_ _(self, s): self.s = s
def _ _str_ _(self): return self.s
s1 = SingleSpam('spa m')
print id(s1), s1.spam( )
s2 = SingleSpam('egg s')
print id(s2), s2.spam( )

./alex
--
.w( the_mindstorm )p.
I got it working in 2 ways:

class Singleton(objec t):
""" A Pythonic Singleton """
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if '_singletoninst ance' not in vars(cls):
#variant 1: cls._singletoni nstance = object.__new__( cls, *args,
**kwargs)
#variant 2: cls._singletoni nstance = super(type, cls).__new__(cl s,
*args, **kwargs)
return cls._singletoni nstance

Both of these seem to work.

../alex
--
..w( the_mindstorm )p.

Jul 25 '07 #4
"Diez B. Roggisch" <de***@nospam.w eb.dewrites:
[...]
AFAIK the cookbook is completely found online at ASPN. So no sweat
publishing it here.
[...]

No: the book-form cookbook is edited, and has extra text.

I believe the recipes are under a BSD-style license, though.
John
Jul 25 '07 #5
Alex Popescu <no************ *****@gmail.com writes:
Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this moment
I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of type
Haven't looked at that recipe, but take a look at this related one:

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Coo...n/Recipe/66531

John
Jul 25 '07 #6
Alex Popescu wrote:
Alex Popescu <no************ *****@gmail.com wrote in
news:Xn******** *************** ***@80.91.229.5 :
>"Diez B. Roggisch" <de***@nospam.w eb.dewrote in
news:5g******* ******@mid.uni-berlin.de:
>>Alex Popescu schrieb:
Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this
moment I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working
resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of
type

(I haven't presented the original code as I am not sure about
copyrights ).
AFAIK the cookbook is completely found online at ASPN. So no sweat
publishing it here.
And regarding the problem: is it possible that you forgot to subclass
SingleSpam from object?

Diez
The exact code:
class Singleton(objec t):
""" A Pythonic Singleton """
def _ _new_ _(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if '_inst' not in vars(cls):
cls._inst = type._ _new_ _(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls._inst

if _ _name_ _ == '_ _main_ _':
class SingleSpam(Sing leton):
def _ _init_ _(self, s): self.s = s
def _ _str_ _(self): return self.s
s1 = SingleSpam('spa m')
print id(s1), s1.spam( )
s2 = SingleSpam('egg s')
print id(s2), s2.spam( )

./alex
--
.w( the_mindstorm )p.
I got it working in 2 ways:

class Singleton(objec t):
""" A Pythonic Singleton """
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if '_singletoninst ance' not in vars(cls):
#variant 1: cls._singletoni nstance = object.__new__( cls, *args,
**kwargs)
#variant 2: cls._singletoni nstance = super(type, cls).__new__(cl s,
*args, **kwargs)
return cls._singletoni nstance

Both of these seem to work.
If, that is, "work" means "Raise an AttributeError due to the missing
spam() method". This appears to fix that problem:

class Singleton(objec t):
""" A Pythonic Singleton """
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if '_inst' not in vars(cls):
cls._inst = object.__new__( cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls._inst

if __name__ == '__main__':
class SingleSpam(Sing leton):
def __init__(self, s): self.s = s
def __str__(self): return self.s
s1 = SingleSpam('spa m')
print id(s1), s1
s2 = SingleSpam('egg s')
print id(s2), s2
print str(s1)

regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb http://del.icio.us/steve.holden
--------------- Asciimercial ------------------
Get on the web: Blog, lens and tag the Internet
Many services currently offer free registration
----------- Thank You for Reading -------------

Jul 26 '07 #7
Alex Popescu a écrit :
Hi all!

I was reading through Python Cookbook the Singleton recipe. At this moment
I am a bit puzzled as the example in the book is not working resulting in:

TypeError: type.__new__(Si ngleSpam): SingleSpam is not a subtype of type

(I haven't presented the original code as I am not sure about copyrights).
I don't have the book, so if you don't post the code, I just give up
trying to guess what the problem can be.
Jul 26 '07 #8
Bruno Desthuilliers <bd************ *****@free.quel quepart.frwrote in
news:46******** *************** @news.free.fr:
Alex Popescu a écrit :
>
[snip...]
I don't have the book, so if you don't post the code, I just give up
trying to guess what the problem can be.
I've sent the original code and 2 different variants a long time ago.

../alex
--
..w( the_mindstorm )p.
Jul 26 '07 #9
Alex Popescu a écrit :
Bruno Desthuilliers <bd************ *****@free.quel quepart.frwrote in
news:46******** *************** @news.free.fr:
>Alex Popescu a écrit :
>[snip...]
I don't have the book, so if you don't post the code, I just give up
trying to guess what the problem can be.

I've sent the original code and 2 different variants a long time ago.
You had not sent anything when I answered. But it seems that the machine
I answered with is a bit out of time !-)
./alex
--
.w( the_mindstorm )p.

Jul 26 '07 #10

This thread has been closed and replies have been disabled. Please start a new discussion.

Similar topics

2
2737
by: Rajarshi Guha | last post by:
Hi, I'm having a little problem with understanding the working of a singleton and borg class. Basically I nedd an class whose state will be shared across several modules. I found the stuff on the ASPN cookbook but it does'nt seem to be working for me. I've included some code: Borg.py: -------- class Borg: __shared_state = {} def __init__(self):
0
1394
by: John J Lee | last post by:
QOTW: "...simple genexps will work fine anyway almost all the time, so it doesn't appear to matter much that devious uses will have nightmarish semantics." -- Tim Peters on Generator Expressions "It looks like ... a developer's cookbook (eg. the O'Reilly Python cookbook) but with less Reilly and more "Oh?"." -- Paul Boddie, on the user-commented PHP documentation Andrew Bennetts discovers, without realising it, an obscure-but-useful
0
1161
by: Peter Otten | last post by:
QOTW: "I worry about Python losing its KISS principle. Python 2.2 has been ported to the Nokia Series 60 platform, which has something like 8-16 MB of RAM available. I'm sure the footprint growth of Python 2.3 and 2.4 gives those developers nightmares already when they are thinking of tracking later versions..." - Guido van Rossum "Everyone knows that any scripting language shootout that doesn't show Python as the best language is...
4
2416
by: Neil Zanella | last post by:
Hello, I would be very interested in knowing how the following C++ multi-instance singleton (AKA Borg) design pattern based code snippet can be neatly coded in Python. While there may be somewhat unusual places where multi-instance singleton is more useful than plain singleton, it seems to me that the former leads to less coding, so unless I can somehow package the singleton pattern in a superclass (so I don't have to code it...
0
1609
by: Alex Martelli | last post by:
Greetings, fellow Pythonistas! We (Alex Martelli, David Ascher and Anna Martelli Ravenscroft) are in the process of selecting recipes for the Second Edition of the Python Cookbook. Please contribute your recipes (code and discussion), along with comments on and ratings of existing recipes, to the cookbook site, http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python , and do it *now*! The Python Cookbook is a collaborative collection of your...
10
1624
by: Simon Brunning | last post by:
QOTW: "I think my code is clearer, but I wouldn't go so far as to say I'm violently opposed to your code. I save violent opposition for really important matters like which text editor you use." - Roy Smith "You need to recursively subdivide the cake until you have a piece small enough to fit in your input buffer. Then the atomicity of the cake-ingestion operation will become apparent." - Scott David Daniels Various Python Meetup...
6
3446
by: Andre Meyer | last post by:
While looking for an elegant implementation of the singleton design pattern I came across the decorator as described in PEP318<http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318/> . Unfortunately, the following does not work, because decorators only work on functions or methods, but not on classes. def singleton(cls): instances = {} def getinstance():
3
2958
by: dischdennis | last post by:
Hello List, I would like to make a singleton class in python 2.4.3, I found this pattern in the web: class Singleton: __single = None def __init__( self ): if Singleton.__single: raise Singleton.__single
12
1730
by: pythoncurious | last post by:
Hi, I've been trying to get some sort of singleton working in python, but I struggle a bit and I thought I'd ask for advice. The first approach was simply to use a module, and every variable in it will be seen by all who import the module. That works in some cases, but not if I have the following structure: one/
0
8347
marktang
by: marktang | last post by:
ONU (Optical Network Unit) is one of the key components for providing high-speed Internet services. Its primary function is to act as an endpoint device located at the user's premises. However, people are often confused as to whether an ONU can Work As a Router. In this blog post, we’ll explore What is ONU, What Is Router, ONU & Router’s main usage, and What is the difference between ONU and Router. Let’s take a closer look ! Part I. Meaning of...
0
8275
by: Hystou | last post by:
Most computers default to English, but sometimes we require a different language, especially when relocating. Forgot to request a specific language before your computer shipped? No problem! You can effortlessly switch the default language on Windows 10 without reinstalling. I'll walk you through it. First, let's disable language synchronization. With a Microsoft account, language settings sync across devices. To prevent any complications,...
0
8792
Oralloy
by: Oralloy | last post by:
Hello folks, I am unable to find appropriate documentation on the type promotion of bit-fields when using the generalised comparison operator "<=>". The problem is that using the GNU compilers, it seems that the internal comparison operator "<=>" tries to promote arguments from unsigned to signed. This is as boiled down as I can make it. Here is my compilation command: g++-12 -std=c++20 -Wnarrowing bit_field.cpp Here is the code in...
0
8694
jinu1996
by: jinu1996 | last post by:
In today's digital age, having a compelling online presence is paramount for businesses aiming to thrive in a competitive landscape. At the heart of this digital strategy lies an intricately woven tapestry of website design and digital marketing. It's not merely about having a website; it's about crafting an immersive digital experience that captivates audiences and drives business growth. The Art of Business Website Design Your website is...
0
7294
agi2029
by: agi2029 | last post by:
Let's talk about the concept of autonomous AI software engineers and no-code agents. These AIs are designed to manage the entire lifecycle of a software development project—planning, coding, testing, and deployment—without human intervention. Imagine an AI that can take a project description, break it down, write the code, debug it, and then launch it, all on its own.... Now, this would greatly impact the work of software developers. The idea...
0
5605
by: conductexam | last post by:
I have .net C# application in which I am extracting data from word file and save it in database particularly. To store word all data as it is I am converting the whole word file firstly in HTML and then checking html paragraph one by one. At the time of converting from word file to html my equations which are in the word document file was convert into image. Globals.ThisAddIn.Application.ActiveDocument.Select();...
0
4143
by: TSSRALBI | last post by:
Hello I'm a network technician in training and I need your help. I am currently learning how to create and manage the different types of VPNs and I have a question about LAN-to-LAN VPNs. The last exercise I practiced was to create a LAN-to-LAN VPN between two Pfsense firewalls, by using IPSEC protocols. I succeeded, with both firewalls in the same network. But I'm wondering if it's possible to do the same thing, with 2 Pfsense firewalls...
1
2696
by: 6302768590 | last post by:
Hai team i want code for transfer the data from one system to another through IP address by using C# our system has to for every 5mins then we have to update the data what the data is updated we have to send another system
2
1585
bsmnconsultancy
by: bsmnconsultancy | last post by:
In today's digital era, a well-designed website is crucial for businesses looking to succeed. Whether you're a small business owner or a large corporation in Toronto, having a strong online presence can significantly impact your brand's success. BSMN Consultancy, a leader in Website Development in Toronto offers valuable insights into creating effective websites that not only look great but also perform exceptionally well. In this comprehensive...

By using Bytes.com and it's services, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

To disable or enable advertisements and analytics tracking please visit the manage ads & tracking page.