printing unicode strings

[7stud]

Can anyone tell me why I can print out the individual variables in the
following code, but when I print them out combined into a single
string, I get an error?

symbol = u'ibm'
price = u'4 \xbd' # 4 1/2

print "%s" % symbol
print "%s" % price.encode("u tf-8")
print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )

--output:--
ibm
4 1/2
File "pythontest.py" , line 6, in ?
print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )
UnicodeDecodeEr ror: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position
2: ordinal not in range(128)

[Peter Otten]

7stud wrote:

Can anyone tell me why I can print out the individual variables in the
following code, but when I print them out combined into a single
string, I get an error?

symbol = u'ibm'
price = u'4 \xbd' # 4 1/2

print "%s" % symbol
print "%s" % price.encode("u tf-8")
print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )

--output:--
ibm
4 1/2
File "pythontest.py" , line 6, in ?
print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )
UnicodeDecodeEr ror: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position
2: ordinal not in range(128)

For format % args, if the format or any arg is a unicode string, the result
will be unicode, too. This implies that byte strings have to be decoded,
and for that process the default ascii codec is used. In your example

print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )

symbol is a unicode, so python tries to decode "%s %s" and "4 \xc2\xbd"
(the result of price.encode("u tf8")). The latter contains non-ascii chars
and fails.

Solution: use unicode throughout and let the print statement do the
encoding.

>>symbol = u"ibm"
price = u"4 \xbd"
print u"%s %s" % (symbol, price)

ibm 4 ?

Sometimes, e. g. if you redirect stdout, the above can fail. Here's a
workaround that uses utf8 in such cases.

import sys
if sys.stdout.enco ding is None:
import codecs
sys.stdout = codecs.lookup(" utf8").streamwr iter(sys.stdout )

Peter

[John Machin]

On Jul 25, 6:56 am, 7stud <bbxx789_0...@y ahoo.comwrote:

Can anyone tell me why I can print out the individual variables in the
following code, but when I print them out combined into a single
string, I get an error?

symbol = u'ibm'
price = u'4 \xbd' # 4 1/2

print "%s" % symbol
print "%s" % price.encode("u tf-8")
print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )

--output:--
ibm
4 1/2
File "pythontest.py" , line 6, in ?
print "%s %s" % (symbol, price.encode("u tf-8") )
UnicodeDecodeEr ror: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position
2: ordinal not in range(128)

Because the first part is Unicode and the second part (after encoding
in utf8) is str.

It is trying to convert the second part to Unicode, using the default
codec (ascii), which of course must fail:

>>price = u"4 \xbd"
price.encode( "utf8")

'4 \xc2\xbd'

>>>>>price.enco de("utf8").deco de("ascii")

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeEr ror: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position
2: ordinal
not in range(128)

>>>

[7stud]

Thanks.