python i2c ioctl

[luca]

Hi,
I was trying to make to work directly l i2c with python with the
calls ioctl. But I have of the problems and I do not succeed to go
ahead.

this and l error

[root@axis-00408c000001 /usr/local/wrap]129# python pcf8591_ioctl.p y
Reading from 4 ch 8 bit A/D converter PCF8591
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pcf8591_ioctl. py", line 269, in ?
main()
File "pcf8591_ioctl. py", line 229, in main
if i2c_open () < 0:
File "pcf8591_ioctl. py", line 168, in i2c_open
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_OUTPU T), 0,
iomask)
TypeError: ioctl requires a file or file descriptor, an integer and
optionally a integer or buffer argument

the code

import fcntl
import os
############### ############### #####
#etrax.h
ETRAXGPIO_IOCTY PE = 43
GPIO_MINOR_A = 0
GPIO_MINOR_B = 1
GPIO_MINOR_LEDS = 2
GPIO_MINOR_G = 3
GPIO_MINOR_LAST = 3
IO_READBITS = 0x1
IO_SETBITS = 0x2
IO_CLRBITS = 0x3
IO_HIGHALARM = 0x4
IO_LOWALARM = 0x5
IO_CLRALARM = 0x6
IO_LEDACTIVE_SE T = 0x7
IO_READDIR = 0x8
IO_SETINPUT = 0x9
IO_SETOUTPUT = 0xA
IO_LED_SETBIT = 0xB
IO_LED_CLRBIT = 0xC
IO_SHUTDOWN = 0xD
IO_GET_PWR_BT = 0xE
IO_CFG_WRITE_MO DE = 0xF

def IO_CFG_WRITE_MO DE_VALUE(msb, data_mask, clk_mask):
( (((msb)&1) << 16) | (((data_mask) &0xFF) << 8) | ((clk_mask) &
0xFF) )
def IO_CFG_WRITE_MO DE_VALUE(msb, data_mask, clk_mask):
( (((msb)&1) << 16) | (((data_mask) &0xFF) << 8) | ((clk_mask) &
0xFF) )

IO_READ_INBITS = 0x10
IO_READ_OUTBITS = 0x11
IO_SETGET_INPUT = 0x12
IO_SETGET_OUTPU T = 0x13
############### ############### #########
############### ############### #########
#ioctl.h

_IOC_NRBITS = 8
_IOC_TYPEBITS= 8
_IOC_SIZEBITS =14
_IOC_DIRBITS = 2
_IOC_NRMASK = ((1 << _IOC_NRBITS)-1)
_IOC_TYPEMASK = ((1 << _IOC_TYPEBITS)-1)
_IOC_SIZEMASK =((1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)-1)
_IOC_DIRMASK =((1 << _IOC_DIRBITS)-1)
_IOC_NRSHIFT =0
_IOC_TYPESHIFT =(_IOC_NRSHIFT+ _IOC_NRBITS)
_IOC_SIZESHIFT =(_IOC_TYPESHIF T+_IOC_TYPEBITS )
_IOC_DIRSHIFT =(_IOC_SIZESHIF T+_IOC_SIZEBITS )
_IOC_NONE=0
_IOC_WRITE=1
_IOC_READ=2
def _IOC(dir,type,n r,size):
(((dir) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) |
((type) << _IOC_TYPESHIFT) |
((nr) << _IOC_NRSHIFT) |
((size) << _IOC_SIZESHIFT) )

def _IO(type,nr):
_IOC(_IOC_NONE, (type),(nr),0)

def _IOR(type,nr,si ze):
_IOC(_IOC_READ, (type),(nr),siz eof(size))

def _IOW(type,nr,si ze):
_IOC(_IOC_WRITE ,(type),(nr),si zeof(size))

def _IOWR(type,nr,s ize):
_IOC(_IOC_READ| _IOC_WRITE,(typ e),(nr),sizeof( size))

def _IOC_DIR(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_DIRSHIF T) & _IOC_DIRMASK)
def _IOC_TYPE(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_TYPESHIFT ) & _IOC_TYPEMASK)
def _IOC_NR(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_NRSHIFT ) & _IOC_NRMASK)
def _IOC_SIZE(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_SIZESHIFT ) & _IOC_SIZEMASK)
def IOC_IN():
(_IOC_WRITE << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)

def IOC_OUT():
(_IOC_READ << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
def IOC_INOUT():
((_IOC_WRITE|_I OC_READ) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
def IOCSIZE_MASK():
(_IOC_SIZEMASK << _IOC_SIZESHIFT)
def IOCSIZE_SHIFT() :
(_IOC_SIZESHIFT )
############### ############### ########
############### ############### ########
############### ############### ########

I2C_DATA_LINE = 1<<24
I2C_CLOCK_LINE = 1<<25
#Get the SDA line state
def i2c_getbit():
value=fcntl.ioc tl(i2c_fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_READBITS))
if ((value&(I2C_DA TA_LINE))==0):
return 0
else:
return 1

#Set the SDA line as output
def i2c_dir_out():
iomask = I2C_DATA_LINE
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_OUTPU T), iomask)

#Set the SDA line as input
def i2c_dir_in():
iomask = I2C_DATA_LINE
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_INPUT ), iomask)

#Set the SDA line state
def i2c_data(state) :
if (state==1):
i2c_dir_in()
else:
i2c_dir_out()
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_CLRBITS),
I2C_DATA_LINE)
#Set the SCL line state
def i2c_clk(state):
if (state==1):
ioctl(i2c_fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETBITS), I2C_CLOCK_LINE)
else:
ioctl(i2c_fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_CLRBITS), I2C_CLOCK_LINE)

#Read a byte from I2C bus and send the ack sequence
#Put islast = 1 is this is the last byte to receive from the slave

def i2c_inbyte(isla st):
value = 0

#Read data byte

i2c_clk(0)
i2c_dir_in()
for i in range (0,5):
i2c_clk(1)
bitvalue = i2c_getbit()
value |= bitvalue
if (i<7):
value = 1
i2c_clk(0)

if (islast==0):
#Send Ack if is not the last byte to read
i2c_dir_out()
i2c_data(0)
i2c_clk(1)
i2c_clk(0)
i2c_dir_in()
else:
#Doesn't send Ack if is the last byte to read
i2c_dir_in()
i2c_clk(1)
i2c_clk(0)
return value

#Open the GPIOB dev
def i2c_open():
i2c_fd = os.open("/dev/gpiog", os.O_RDWR)
iomask = I2C_CLOCK_LINE
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_OUTPU T), iomask)
iomask = I2C_DATA_LINE
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_INPUT ), iomask)
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETBITS),
I2C_DATA_LINE)
i2c_dir_in()
i2c_clk(1)
return i2c_fd
#Close the GPIOB dev
def i2c_close():
i2c_dir_in()
i2c_fd.close()
#Send a start sequence to I2C bus

def i2c_start():
i2c_clk(0)
i2c_data(1)
i2c_clk(1)
i2c_data(0)

#Send a stop sequence to I2C bus
def i2c_stop():
i2c_clk(0)
i2c_data(0)
i2c_clk(1)
i2c_data(1)

#Send a byte to the I2C bus and return the ack sequence from slave rtc
#0 = Nack, 1=Ack

def i2c_outbyte():
i2c_clk(0)
for i in range (0,8):
if (x & 0x80):
i2c_data(1)
else:
i2c_data(0)
i2c_clk(1)
i2c_clk(0)
x <<= 1
i2c_dir_in()
i2c_clk(1)
ack=i2c_getbit( )
i2c_clk(0)
if (ack==0):
return 1
else:
return 0

#PCF8591 address scheme
#| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | A2 | A1 | A0 | R/W |
#| i2c_fixed | i2c_addr | 1/0 |
def main ():
i2c_fixed = 0x09
i2c_addr = 0x01

print "Reading from 4 ch 8 bit A/D converter PCF8591"

if i2c_open () < 0:
print "i2c open error"
return 1

ch = 0

while "azz":
i2c_start ()

if i2c_outbyte ((i2c_fixed<<4) |(i2c_addr<<1)| 0) == 0:
print "NACK received"
i2c_stop ()
continue

if i2c_outbyte (ch) == 0:
print "NACK received"
i2c_stop ()
continue

i2c_stop ()
i2c_start ()

if i2c_outbyte((i2 c_fixed<<4)|(i2 c_addr<<1)|1) == 0:
print "NACK received"
i2c_stop ()
continue

i2c_inbyte (0)
value = i2c_inbyte (1)
i2c_stop ()

print "CH%d = %.4fv (%.4f hex/n)" %
(ch,value*0.012 941,value)

ch += 1

if ch == 4:
break;

i2c_close ()
return 0
main()
tnx all

[Tim Roberts]

luca <sa*******@gmai l.comwrote:

>
I was trying to make to work directly l i2c with python with the
calls ioctl. But I have of the problems and I do not succeed to go
ahead.

[root@axis-00408c000001 /usr/local/wrap]129# python pcf8591_ioctl.p y
Reading from 4 ch 8 bit A/D converter PCF8591
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pcf8591_ioctl. py", line 269, in ?
main()
File "pcf8591_ioctl. py", line 229, in main
if i2c_open () < 0:
File "pcf8591_ioctl. py", line 168, in i2c_open
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_OUTPU T), 0,
iomask)
TypeError: ioctl requires a file or file descriptor, an integer and
optionally a integer or buffer argument

The error message pretty much tells you the problem. One of the parameters
is not correct. Notice this:

>def IO_CFG_WRITE_MO DE_VALUE(msb, data_mask, clk_mask):
( (((msb)&1) << 16) | (((data_mask) &0xFF) << 8) | ((clk_mask) &
0xFF) )
def IO_CFG_WRITE_MO DE_VALUE(msb, data_mask, clk_mask):
( (((msb)&1) << 16) | (((data_mask) &0xFF) << 8) | ((clk_mask) &
0xFF) )

Key question: what do these functions return?

Answer: nothing. You compute a value and then throw it away. Thus:
print IO_CFG_WRITE_MO DE_VALUE( 15, 0xfff, 0x0f0 )
This will print "None". Add a "return" before the expression.

The same thing is true of all of these functions. You are thinking that a
Python "def" is like a C "#define". It's not. It's like a C function.
Nothing is returned unless you return it.

>def _IOC(dir,type,n r,size):
(((dir) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) |
((type) << _IOC_TYPESHIFT) |
((nr) << _IOC_NRSHIFT) |
((size) << _IOC_SIZESHIFT) )

def _IO(type,nr):
_IOC(_IOC_NONE, (type),(nr),0)

def _IOR(type,nr,si ze):
_IOC(_IOC_READ, (type),(nr),siz eof(size))

def _IOW(type,nr,si ze):
_IOC(_IOC_WRITE ,(type),(nr),si zeof(size))

def _IOWR(type,nr,s ize):
_IOC(_IOC_READ| _IOC_WRITE,(typ e),(nr),sizeof( size))

def _IOC_DIR(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_DIRSHIF T) & _IOC_DIRMASK)
def _IOC_TYPE(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_TYPESHIFT ) & _IOC_TYPEMASK)
def _IOC_NR(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_NRSHIFT ) & _IOC_NRMASK)
def _IOC_SIZE(nr):
(((nr) >_IOC_SIZESHIFT ) & _IOC_SIZEMASK)
def IOC_IN():
(_IOC_WRITE << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)

def IOC_OUT():
(_IOC_READ << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
def IOC_INOUT():
((_IOC_WRITE|_I OC_READ) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
def IOCSIZE_MASK():
(_IOC_SIZEMASK << _IOC_SIZESHIFT)
def IOCSIZE_SHIFT() :
(_IOC_SIZESHIFT )

However, there are more problems with this script. Example:

>#Get the SDA line state
def i2c_getbit():
value=fcntl.ioc tl(i2c_fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_READBITS))
if ((value&(I2C_DA TA_LINE))==0):
return 0
else:
return 1

This will produce a runtime error, because the name "i2c_fd" is not
defined. Notice this:

>#Open the GPIOB dev
def i2c_open():
i2c_fd = os.open("/dev/gpiog", os.O_RDWR)
iomask = I2C_CLOCK_LINE
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_OUTPU T), iomask)
iomask = I2C_DATA_LINE
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETGET_INPUT ), iomask)
fcntl.ioctl(i2c _fd, _IO(ETRAXGPIO_I OCTYPE, IO_SETBITS),
I2C_DATA_LIN E)
i2c_dir_in()
i2c_clk(1)
return i2c_fd

The result of the open is bound in a LOCAL variable called "i2c_fd". As
soon as the function returns, that variable goes away. You do RETURN the
value, but you don't store it anywhere:

>#PCF8591 address scheme
#| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | A2 | A1 | A0 | R/W |
#| i2c_fixed | i2c_addr | 1/0 |
def main ():
i2c_fixed = 0x09
i2c_addr = 0x01

print "Reading from 4 ch 8 bit A/D converter PCF8591"

if i2c_open () < 0:
print "i2c open error"
return 1

You should probably make this:

i2c_fd = i2c_open()
if i2c_fd < 0:
print "i2c open error"
return 1

But, of course, that's not enough either; i2c_fd is a local variable in
THIS function as well. You should change ALL of the functions so that they
accept an fd as the first parameter, and then pass i2c_fd into the
functions here.

Alternatively, you could create a wrapper class to hold the fd and make the
function methods on that class.

while "azz":
i2c_start ()

I'm curious. What do you think "while" statement is doing? The answer is
that it is an infinite loop; the string "azz" will always be true, so the
while statement will always loop. I can't guess what you really wanted
here.
--
Tim Roberts, ti**@probo.com
Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.