I recently wrote a module supporting value-shared slicing. I
don't know if this functionality already existed somewhere, but
I think it's useful enough that other Pythoners might want it,
so here it is.
Also, my recent notes on Python warts with respect to negative
indexes were based on problems I encoutered debugging this
module, so I'm posting it partially as a concrete example of
what I was talking about.
--
--Bryan
----------------------------------------------------------------
"""
vslice.py by Bryan G. Olson, 2005
This module is free software and may be modified and/or
distributed under the same terms as Python itself.
Virtual Slicing differs from normal Python slicing in that
that the cells in the given sequence are not copied; they
are shared between the underlying sequence and the VSlice.
VSlices are themselves Python sequences. You can index
VSlices, slice them, iterate over them, get their len(),
test 'if val in', compare them, add them, and multiply them
by integers.
The 'vslice' function creates virtual slices of sequences:
vslice(sequence , start, stop, step)
returns an instance of VSlice that is much-the-same-as:
sequence[start : stop : step]
The default for start, stop and step is None, and passing
None or omitting parameters works the same as in Python
slicing.
VSlices also have read-only properties 'sequence', 'start',
'stop' and 'step', in case you need to access the underlying
sequence directly. Like Python's 'slice' object, the stop
value will be negative if and only if step is negative and
the slice includes the zero index.
A VSlice of a VSlice will use the same underlying sequence.
It will translate the start-stop-step values upon
construction, so later access will go through only one layer
of VSlicing. The sequence, start, stop, and step properties
of the VSlice-of-a-VSlice will generally not be same as the
parameters passed to the vslice factory function; they
relate to the underlying sequence.
a = range(100)
from vslice import vslice
vs1 = vslice(a, 10, None, 2)
vs2 = vslice(vs1, 2, -2, 3)
print vs2 == a[10 : None : 2][2 : -2 : 3] True print vs2.sequence == vs1 False print vs2.sequence == a True print vs2.sequence is a True print vs2.start, vs2.stop, vs2.step 14 96 6 print vs2 == a[14 : 96 : 6]
True
If the underlying sequence is mutable, the VSlice is semi-
mutable. You can assign to elements, but not insert nor
delete elements; similarly, no append, push, pop and such.
Slice assignments must have the same length slice on both
sides.
A slice of a VSlice is a regular Python slice; it is a copy
made by slicing the underlying sequence with translated
start-stop-step values. For sane sequence types, the slice
of the VSlice will therefore have the same type as the
underlying sequence.
A VSlice's start-stop-step and len are set on construction.
Adding or removing indices from the underlying sequence will
not change them, and is usually a bad thing to do.
VSlices support any positive or negative integer step value,
but are most efficient in both time and space when the step
value is one. Fortunately, the need for any other step value
is rare. The vslice function will choose between two sub-
classes of VSlice, depending on whether the step is one. The
VxSlice can support any step size; the V1Slice is faster and
smaller, but only supports a step of one. VxSlice instances
store five slots; V1Slices, 3.
"""
def vslice(sequence , start=None, stop=None, step=None):
""" Return a VSlice (virtual slice). See module's __doc__.
"""
start, stop, step = slice(start, stop, step).indices(l en(sequence))
if isinstance(sequ ence, VSlice):
start = sequence.start + start * sequence.step
stop = sequence.start + stop * sequence.step
step *= sequence.step
sequence = sequence.sequen ce
if step == 1:
return V1Slice(sequenc e, start, stop)
else:
return VxSlice(sequenc e, start, stop, step)
from itertools import islice
_type_err_note = 'VSlice index must be integer or slice.'
_module_doc = __doc__
class VSlice (object):
__doc__ = _module_doc
def __init__(self, *args):
if self.__class__ == VSlice:
raise RuntimeError("A ttempt to instantiate abstract base " +
"class VSlice. To create a VSlice, call vslice.vslice() .")
def get_sequence(se lf):
return self._seq
sequence = property(get_se quence, None, None,
'The underlying sequence, never itself a VSlice.')
def get_start(self) :
return self._start
start = property(get_st art, None, None,
'Inclusive bound in the underlying sequence.')
def get_stop(self):
return self._stop
stop = property(get_st op, None, None,
'Exclusive bound in the underlying sequence.')
def get_step(self):
return self._step
step = property(lambda self: self.get_step() , None, None,
'Size of steps relative to the underlying sequence.')
def __getitem__(sel f, key):
if isinstance(key, (int, long)):
return self._seq[self._translate (key)]
elif isinstance(key, slice):
(start, stop, step) = self._translate _slice(key)
return self._seq[start : stop : step]
else:
raise TypeError(_type _err_note)
def __setitem__(sel f, key, value):
if isinstance(key, (int, long)):
self._seq[self._translate (key)] = value
elif isinstance(key, slice):
(start, stop, step) = self._translate _slice(key)
self._seq[start : stop : step] = value
else:
raise TypeError(_type _err_note)
def __cmp__(self, other):
# Compare progressively larger chunks.
start, stop = 0, 4
while 1:
me = self[start : stop]
them = other[start : stop]
if me != them:
return cmp(me, them)
if len(me) < stop - start:
return 0
start, stop = stop, stop + stop
def __repr__(self):
return 'vslice(%s)' % repr(self[:])
def __add__(self, term):
return self[:] + term
def __mul__(self, term):
return self[:] * term
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self[:])
# Various bad ideas for def __getattr__(sel f, name):
# return getattr(self[:], name)
# return getattr(self[0:0], name)
# return getattr(self._s eq, name)
class V1Slice (VSlice):
'VSlice subclass for step == 1'
__slots__ = '_seq', '_start', '_stop'
def __init__(self, sequence, start, stop):
self._seq, self._start, self._stop = sequence, start, stop
def get_step(self):
return 1
def __len__(self):
return self._stop - self._start
def __iter__(self):
return islice(self._se q, self._start, self._stop)
def _translate(self , i):
length = self._stop - self._start
if not -length <= i < length:
raise IndexError
return slice(i, i + 1).indices(leng th)[0]
def _translate_slic e(self, key):
start, stop, step = key.indices(len (self))
stop = self._start + stop
if stop < 0:
stop = None
return (self._start + start, stop, step)
class VxSlice(VSlice) :
'VSlice subclass for step of any integer'
__slots__ = '_seq', '_start', '_stop', '_step', '_length'
def __init__(self, sequence, start=None, stop=None, step=1):
self._seq, self._start, self._stop, self._step = (
sequence, start, stop, step)
self._length = max(0, (self._stop - self._start +
self._step - (self._step / abs(self._step) )) // self._step)
def __len__(self):
return self._length
def __iter__(self):
if self._step >= 0:
return islice(self._se q, self._start, self._stop, self._step)
else:
def gen():
seq, i, stop, step = (self._seq, self._start,
self._stop, self._step)
while i > stop:
yield seq[i]
i += step
return gen()
def _translate(self , index):
if index < 0:
index = self._length + index
if index < 0 or index > self._length:
raise IndexError('VxS lice index %d out of range' % index)
return self._start + (index * self._step)
def _translate_slic e(self, key):
start, stop, step = key.indices(sel f._length)
start, stop, step = (
self._start + (start * self._step),
self._start + (stop * self._step),
step * self._step)
if stop < 0:
stop = None
return (start, stop, step)
def test():
print __doc__
def assert_equal(vs lice, target):
assert len(vslice) == len(target)
assert vslice == target
assert vslice[:] == target
assert vslice[: 7L] + vslice[7 :] == target
assert vslice[::-1][::-1] == target
assert [x for x in vslice] == [x for x in target]
blist, clist, dlist = [], [], []
for i in range(len(vslic e)):
blist.append(vs lice[i])
j = 0 - i - 1
clist.append(vs lice[j])
dlist.append(vs lice[long(i)])
assert blist == [x for x in target]
clist.reverse()
assert clist == [x for x in target]
assert dlist == [x for x in target]
assert vslice[2 : -3] == target[2 : -3]
base = [1 + 2 * n for n in range(100)]
a = base[:]
# Test various copies
va = vslice(a)
assert_equal(va , a)
assert_equal(vs lice(a, None, None, -1), a[:: -1])
assert_equal(vs lice(va, None, None, -3), a[:: -3])
assert_equal(vs lice(a, 4L, 67, 5), a[4: 67 : 5])
assert_equal(vs lice(va, -84, 67, 4), a[-84: 67 : 4])
assert_equal(vs lice(va, 22, -12, 8), a[22: -12 : 8])
assert_equal(vs lice(va, -91, -17, 7), a[-91: -17 : 7])
assert_equal(vs lice(a, -97, -10, -6), a[-97: -10 : -6])
assert_equal(vs lice(va, -83, -11, -3), a[-83: -11 : -3])
# Test some updates
va[6 : 82 : 7] = [6 + x * 17 for x in range(4, 80, 7)]
assert_equal(va , a)
a[22] = 9427
assert_equal(va , a)
b = base[:]
vb = base[:]
assert_equal(vb , b)
b[37] = 61107
assert tuple(b) != tuple(vb)
vb[37] = 61107
assert tuple(b) == tuple(vb)
newjunk = [12 + x * 3 for x in range(4, 80, 7)]
b[5 : 80 : 7] = newjunk
assert tuple(b) != tuple(vb)
vb[5 : 80 : 7] = newjunk
assert tuple(b) == tuple(vb)
print "Good."
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
