I would like to know how a serial I/O chip is programmed
I'm sorry, I don't understand your question.
This is a link that will tell how serial
ports work, but in a nutshell, they send information on a specific wire that goes to a specific pin, and that pin has a meaning, so when the computer on the other side gets a signal from that pin, it knows what it is supposed to represent.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/serial-port.htm
Does that answer your question, or were you talking about a different type of hardware. (On any hardware there isn't going to be 'programming' per se, there will just be a layer at which logical gates will open or close according to the electrical signals that are sent through it...) Or were you talking about software?