abstract sealed & literal

[Vedo]

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed abstract
class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent definition is
perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible consts
in a static class in C++/CLI?

[=?Utf-8?B?RGF2aWQgQW50b24=?=]

You haven't got the equivalent in C#.
That would be:
public abstract sealed class XXX
{
}
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
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"Vedo" wrote:

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed abstract
class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent definition is
perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible consts
in a static class in C++/CLI?

[=?Utf-8?B?RGF2aWQgQW50b24=?=]

And the error message you get in C# is: "an abstract class cannot be sealed
or static".
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
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"David Anton" wrote:

You haven't got the equivalent in C#.
That would be:
public abstract sealed class XXX
{
}
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
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"Vedo" wrote:

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed abstract
class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent definition is
perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible consts
in a static class in C++/CLI?

[Vedo]

Hi,

Thank you for your reply. A "ref class XXX abstract sealed" class in C++/CLI
is compiled to ".class abstract sealed XXX" in MSIL which means "static
class XXX" in C#. So in your example you use the same keywords in C#, but
semantically they are different declarations.

Somehow the C++/CLI compiler does not allow me to define CLR constants in a
static class, which is normally allowed in CLR.

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message
news:ug******** ******@TK2MSFTN GP02.phx.gbl...

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed
abstract class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent
definition is perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible
consts in a static class in C++/CLI?

[=?Utf-8?B?RGF2aWQgQW50b24=?=]

A 'static class' in C# (new in C# 2005) just means that all members are
forced by the compiler to be static.
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
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"Vedo" wrote:

Hi,

Thank you for your reply. A "ref class XXX abstract sealed" class in C++/CLI
is compiled to ".class abstract sealed XXX" in MSIL which means "static
class XXX" in C#. So in your example you use the same keywords in C#, but
semantically they are different declarations.

Somehow the C++/CLI compiler does not allow me to define CLR constants in a
static class, which is normally allowed in CLR.

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message
news:ug******** ******@TK2MSFTN GP02.phx.gbl...

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed
abstract class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent
definition is perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible
consts in a static class in C++/CLI?

[Vedo]

Yes you're right. And the same concept in C++/CLI is supported through the
"abstract sealed" keyword combination.

For example the two classes below are exactly the same;

// C#
public static class XXX
{
public static int F()
{
return 1;
}
}

// C++/CLI
public ref class XXX abstract sealed
{
public:
static int F()
{
return 1;
}
};

Like the C# compiler, the C++/CLI compiler does not allow any instance
members in an "abstract sealed" (static) class. You are only allowed to
define static members. Now the problem is; in C# you can also define a
static class like;

public static class XXX
{
public const int x = 3;
...
}

but

public ref class XXX abstract sealed
{
public:
literal int x = 3;
....
};

fails with the compiler error "C4693: a sealed abstract class cannot have
any instance members 'x'", which is normally legal in MSIL (and in C# too).

Regards...

"David Anton" <Da********@dis cussions.micros oft.comwrote in message
news:91******** *************** ***********@mic rosoft.com...

>A 'static class' in C# (new in C# 2005) just means that all members are
forced by the compiler to be static.
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
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"Vedo" wrote:

>Hi,

Thank you for your reply. A "ref class XXX abstract sealed" class in
C++/CLI
is compiled to ".class abstract sealed XXX" in MSIL which means "static
class XXX" in C#. So in your example you use the same keywords in C#, but
semantically they are different declarations.

Somehow the C++/CLI compiler does not allow me to define CLR constants in
a
static class, which is normally allowed in CLR.

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message
news:ug******* *******@TK2MSFT NGP02.phx.gbl.. .

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed
abstract class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent
definition is perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in
C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible
consts in a static class in C++/CLI?

[Willy Denoyette [MVP]]

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message news:ug******** ******@TK2MSFTN GP02.phx.gbl...

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed abstract class cannot
have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent definition is perfectly legal in other CLR
languages. For example in C#;

An abstract class *cannot* be sealed in C#, in C++/CLI an abstract sealed class can only
have static members.

Please check the language specifications.

Willy.

[=?Utf-8?B?RGF2aWQgQW50b24=?=]

Is this something you can use instead?

ref class XXX abstract sealed
{
static const int A = 5;
};
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
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"Vedo" wrote:

Hi,

Thank you for your reply. A "ref class XXX abstract sealed" class in C++/CLI
is compiled to ".class abstract sealed XXX" in MSIL which means "static
class XXX" in C#. So in your example you use the same keywords in C#, but
semantically they are different declarations.

Somehow the C++/CLI compiler does not allow me to define CLR constants in a
static class, which is normally allowed in CLR.

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message
news:ug******** ******@TK2MSFTN GP02.phx.gbl...

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed
abstract class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent
definition is perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible
consts in a static class in C++/CLI?

[Vedo]

I want my code to be CLS compliant, but "static const" fields in C++/CLI are
marked with a special modopt attribute when compiled to MSIL which makes
them accessible only from the C++/CLI environment. I think I need to find an
other solution :) Thank you for your suggestions.

Regards...

"David Anton" <Da********@dis cussions.micros oft.comwrote in message
news:06******** *************** ***********@mic rosoft.com...

Is this something you can use instead?

ref class XXX abstract sealed
{
static const int A = 5;
};
--
David Anton
www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com
Instant C#: VB to C# converter
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"Vedo" wrote:

>Hi,

Thank you for your reply. A "ref class XXX abstract sealed" class in
C++/CLI
is compiled to ".class abstract sealed XXX" in MSIL which means "static
class XXX" in C#. So in your example you use the same keywords in C#, but
semantically they are different declarations.

Somehow the C++/CLI compiler does not allow me to define CLR constants in
a
static class, which is normally allowed in CLR.

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message
news:ug******* *******@TK2MSFT NGP02.phx.gbl.. .

ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed
abstract class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent
definition is perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in
C#;

static class XXX
{
const int A = 5;
}

compiles without any error. Is there a way to specify CLR compatible
consts in a static class in C++/CLI?

[Vedo]

Hi,

Thank you for your reply. You are right. I cannot have instance members in
an abstract sealed class. But are literals instance members? As far as I
know they are always considered to be part of the defining type. In other
words, they are always static members. The C++/CLI generated MSIL code for a
*non-abstract sealed* class with a literal integer field is;

..class public ... XXX
{
.field public static literal int32 i = int32(0x0000000 1)
}

As you see it is declared as a static field. But if I declare that literal
field in an abstract sealed class, the compiler gives me an error.

"Willy Denoyette [MVP]" <wi************ *@telenet.bewro te in message
news:ON******** ******@TK2MSFTN GP02.phx.gbl...

"Vedo" <ve**@vedo.comw rote in message
news:ug******** ******@TK2MSFTN GP02.phx.gbl...

>ref struct XXX abstract sealed
{
literal int A = 5;
};

The definition above gives me the compiler warning "C4693: a sealed
abstract class cannot have any instance members 'A'". The equivalent
definition is perfectly legal in other CLR languages. For example in C#;

An abstract class *cannot* be sealed in C#, in C++/CLI an abstract sealed
class can only have static members.

Please check the language specifications.

Willy.