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by: fog |
last post by:
Given:
class A;
and B "has-a" A. The composition relationship between A and B can be
implemented in three ways:
===================
# 1.
class B
{
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by: preetam |
last post by:
Hi,
This question is more towards design than towards c++ details.
By looking at books on design patterns and various google threads on
the same topic, I see that composition is favoured to inheritence. One
more article I read was Allen holub's "Why extends is evil".
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-08-2003/jw-0801-toolbox.html
One general advice I found was that - extending behaviour is better
done with interfaces and...
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by: Code4u |
last post by:
My colleagues and I have been discussing techniques for implementing
interfaces in C++. We're looking for a mechanism similar to COM's
QueryInterface, in which a certain types of objects can be queried, at
run-time, for a particular interface and if it is supported, a pointer
or reference to that interface passed to the caller. Two possible
implementations came up, multiple inheritance and composition. Using
MI the class multiply inherits...
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by: Tony Johansson |
last post by:
Hello experts!
I know it's easy to override when you have inheritance.
But if you instead use object composition having a pointer to a class X.
If you want to override when having this object composition how is that
done.
Give some easy example if you have some.
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by: cmrchs |
last post by:
Hi,
how do I implement aggregation and how composition in C# ?
When I say : an Airplane has a Pilot then I use aggregation but
when I say : an Airplane has a Cockpit then I use composition.
How do I implement the difference in C# ?
Here's what I try :
class Pilot
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by: Frederik Vanderhaegen |
last post by:
Hi,
Can anyone explain me the difference between aggregation and composition?
I know that they both are "whole-part" relationships and that composition
parts are destroyed when the composition whole is destroyed.
Under a "whole-part" relationship I understand the following:
the whole can't exists without the parts, but can the parts exist without
the hole?
f.e.: a car can't exist without an engine
private engine _Engine
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by: Gary Wessle |
last post by:
Hi
what is the difference "in code writing" between aggregation and
composition?
is the following correct?
aggregation (life time of both objects are independent).
class A{ /* ... */ };
class B{ A& a; /* ... */};
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by: jyck91 |
last post by:
I want to get some ideas to organise a composition analyzer??
eg. frequencies of letters
Thx for your suggestion
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by: Kay Schluehr |
last post by:
As you know, there is no operator for function composition in Python.
When you have two functions F and G and want to express the
composition F o G you have to create a new closure
lambda *args, **kwd: F (G (*args, **kwd))
or you write a composition in functional style
compose( F, G )
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by: marktang |
last post by:
ONU (Optical Network Unit) is one of the key components for providing high-speed Internet services. Its primary function is to act as an endpoint device located at the user's premises. However, people are often confused as to whether an ONU can Work As a Router. In this blog post, we’ll explore What is ONU, What Is Router, ONU & Router’s main usage, and What is the difference between ONU and Router. Let’s take a closer look !
Part I. Meaning of...
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by: Hystou |
last post by:
Most computers default to English, but sometimes we require a different language, especially when relocating. Forgot to request a specific language before your computer shipped? No problem! You can effortlessly switch the default language on Windows 10 without reinstalling. I'll walk you through it.
First, let's disable language synchronization. With a Microsoft account, language settings sync across devices. To prevent any complications,...
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by: Oralloy |
last post by:
Hello folks,
I am unable to find appropriate documentation on the type promotion of bit-fields when using the generalised comparison operator "<=>".
The problem is that using the GNU compilers, it seems that the internal comparison operator "<=>" tries to promote arguments from unsigned to signed.
This is as boiled down as I can make it.
Here is my compilation command:
g++-12 -std=c++20 -Wnarrowing bit_field.cpp
Here is the code in...
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by: Hystou |
last post by:
Overview:
Windows 11 and 10 have less user interface control over operating system update behaviour than previous versions of Windows. In Windows 11 and 10, there is no way to turn off the Windows Update option using the Control Panel or Settings app; it automatically checks for updates and installs any it finds, whether you like it or not. For most users, this new feature is actually very convenient. If you want to control the update process,...
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by: tracyyun |
last post by:
Dear forum friends,
With the development of smart home technology, a variety of wireless communication protocols have appeared on the market, such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. Each protocol has its own unique characteristics and advantages, but as a user who is planning to build a smart home system, I am a bit confused by the choice of these technologies. I'm particularly interested in Zigbee because I've heard it does some...
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by: isladogs |
last post by:
The next Access Europe User Group meeting will be on Wednesday 1 May 2024 starting at 18:00 UK time (6PM UTC+1) and finishing by 19:30 (7.30PM).
In this session, we are pleased to welcome a new presenter, Adolph Dupré who will be discussing some powerful techniques for using class modules.
He will explain when you may want to use classes instead of User Defined Types (UDT). For example, to manage the data in unbound forms.
Adolph will...
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by: conductexam |
last post by:
I have .net C# application in which I am extracting data from word file and save it in database particularly. To store word all data as it is I am converting the whole word file firstly in HTML and then checking html paragraph one by one.
At the time of converting from word file to html my equations which are in the word document file was convert into image.
Globals.ThisAddIn.Application.ActiveDocument.Select();...
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by: TSSRALBI |
last post by:
Hello
I'm a network technician in training and I need your help.
I am currently learning how to create and manage the different types of VPNs and I have a question about LAN-to-LAN VPNs.
The last exercise I practiced was to create a LAN-to-LAN VPN between two Pfsense firewalls, by using IPSEC protocols.
I succeeded, with both firewalls in the same network. But I'm wondering if it's possible to do the same thing, with 2 Pfsense firewalls...
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by: bsmnconsultancy |
last post by:
In today's digital era, a well-designed website is crucial for businesses looking to succeed. Whether you're a small business owner or a large corporation in Toronto, having a strong online presence can significantly impact your brand's success. BSMN Consultancy, a leader in Website Development in Toronto offers valuable insights into creating effective websites that not only look great but also perform exceptionally well. In this comprehensive...
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