const functions?

[Luis]

can you look at my code, and tell
my wy the section of the client program which says :

const Fraction f3(12, 8);
const Fraction f4(202, 303);
result = f3.MultipliedBy (f4);
cout << "The product of ";
f3.print();
cout << " and ";
f4.print();
cout << " is ";
result.print();
cout << endl;
does not work for me? I know that it is because they have const, so private
members cannot be changed, but some of my function require this. DO i have
to make new functions such as Fraction Fraction <function>()con st and it's
counterpart without the const? or do i simply have to change all of my
functions to value returning?
below is the client program with the implmentation file below it, then the
header file.
#include <iostream>
#include "fraction.h "
using namespace std;

#include <iostream>
#include "fraction.h "
using namespace std;

int main()
{
Fraction f1(9,8);
Fraction f2(2,3);
Fraction result;

cout << "The result starts off at ";
result.print();
cout << endl;

cout << "The product of ";
f1.print();
cout << " and ";
f2.print();
cout << " is ";
result = f1.MultipliedBy (f2);
result.print();
cout << endl;

cout << "The quotient of ";
f1.print();
cout << " and ";
f2.print();
cout << " is ";
result = f1.DividedBy(f2 );
result.print();
cout << endl;

cout << "The sum of ";
f1.print();
cout << " and ";
f2.print();
cout << " is ";
result = f1.AddedTo(f2);
result.print();
cout << endl;

cout << "The difference of ";
f1.print();
cout << " and ";
f2.print();
cout << " is ";
result = f1.Subtract(f2) ;
result.print();
cout << endl;

if (f1.isEqualTo(f 2)){
cout << "The two fractions are equal." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The two fractions are not equal." << endl;
}

const Fraction f3(12, 8);
const Fraction f4(202, 303);
result = f3.MultipliedBy (f4);
cout << "The product of ";
f3.print();
cout << " and ";
f4.print();
cout << " is ";
result.print();
cout << endl;
}



Fraction :: Fraction()
{
numerator = 0;
denominator = 1;
}


Fraction :: Fraction (int inNumerator, int inDenominator)
{
numerator = inNumerator;
denominator = inDenominator;
}


void Fraction :: print()
{
cout << numerator << "/" << denominator <<endl;
}


Fraction Fraction::Multi pliedBy (Fraction otherFraction)
{
Fraction reducedFraction ;

Fraction product(numerat or * otherFraction.n umerator,
denominator * otherFraction.d enominator);

Reduce(product. numerator, product.denomin ator, reducedFraction );
return reducedFraction ;
}


Fraction Fraction :: DividedBy (Fraction otherFraction)
{

Fraction reducedFraction ;

Fraction quotient(numera tor * otherFraction.d enominator,
denominator * otherFraction.n umerator);

Reduce(quotient .numerator, quotient.denomi nator, reducedFraction );

return reducedFraction ;
}

Fraction Fraction :: AddedTo(Fractio n otherFraction)
{

Fraction reducedFraction ;

Fraction sum(numerator * otherFraction.d enominator +
otherFraction.n umerator * denominator, denominator *
otherFraction.d enominator);

Reduce(sum.nume rator, sum.denominator , reducedFraction );


return reducedFraction ;
}
Fraction Fraction :: Subtract(Fracti on otherFraction)
{
Fraction reducedFraction ;
Fraction difference(nume rator * otherFraction.d enominator -
otherFraction.n umerator * denominator, denominator *
otherFraction.d enominator);

Reduce(differen ce.numerator,di fference.denomi nator, reducedFraction );

return reducedFraction ;

}

void Fraction :: Reduce (int& numerator,int& denominator,Fra ction&
reducedFraction )
{
int gcf;

GCF(numerator, denominator,gcf );
reducedFraction .set(numerator/gcf,denominator/gcf);
}




void Fraction :: GCF(int numerator,int denominator,int & gcf)
{

int remainder = 1;
while(remainder !=0)
{

remainder = denominator%num erator;
denominator = numerator;
numerator = remainder;

}

gcf = denominator;

}


void Fraction :: set(int inNumerator, int inDenominator)
{
numerator = inNumerator;
denominator = inDenominator;
}
bool Fraction :: isEqualTo(Fract ion otherFraction)
{
if(numerator==o therFraction.nu merator &&
denominator == otherFraction.d enominator)
return true;
else
return false;
}


HEADER FILE

#ifndef Fraction_H
#define Fraction_H
class Fraction
{
public:
Fraction();
Fraction(int inNumerator, int inDenominator);
void print() ;
Fraction MultipliedBy(Fr action otherFraction);
Fraction DividedBy(Fract ion otherFraction);
Fraction AddedTo ( Fraction otherFraction);
Fraction Subtract ( Fraction otherFraction);
bool isEqualTo (Fraction otherFraction) ;

private:
int numerator;
int denominator;
void GCF(int numerator, int denominator,int & gcf);
void set(int numerator, int denominator);
void Reduce (int& numerator,int& denominator,Fra ction& reducedFraction );
};
#endif

[Grzegorz Sakrejda]

"Luis" <ki***@comcast. net> wrote in <FAXXa.74496$YN 5.55963@sccrnsc 01>:

can you look at my code, and tell
my wy the section of the client program which says :

const Fraction f3(12, 8);
const Fraction f4(202, 303);
result = f3.MultipliedBy (f4);
cout << "The product of ";
f3.print();
cout << " and ";
f4.print();
cout << " is ";
result.print();
cout << endl;
does not work for me? I know that it is because they have const, so
private members cannot be changed, but some of my function require this.
DO i have to make new functions such as Fraction Fraction
<function>()co nst and it's counterpart without the const? or do i simply
have to change all of my functions to value returning?
You are mixing to many things.
First, print member function should be const.
That's the cause of your errors.
You have to declare this function like this:

class Fraction {

public:
void print() const;
...
};

below is the client program with the implmentation file below it, then
the header file.
HEADER FILE

#ifndef Fraction_H
#define Fraction_H
class Fraction
{
public:
Fraction();
Fraction(int inNumerator, int inDenominator);
void print() ;
void print() const;
you may also replace it by friend operator <<(
std::ostream& os,const Fraction& f);

- did you noticed the const.
Fraction MultipliedBy(Fr action otherFraction);
Fraction DividedBy(Fract ion otherFraction);
Fraction AddedTo ( Fraction otherFraction);
Fraction Subtract ( Fraction otherFraction);
bool isEqualTo (Fraction otherFraction) ;
.. const
bool isEqualTo(const Fraction& other) const;
this all could be replaced by operators , but it's up to you to decide.
Anyway it's better if the argument passed is const Fraction& , almost
the same but additional copy construction is then not neccessery.
Equality comparison is of course const.
And all the functions above should be const because they take
two const Fractions as arguments and return another Fraction.
Would you define a function that modifies this Fraction then
const would not be permited.
Usually you write :

Fraction& operator +=(const Fraction& other);
// add other fraction to this one, it's not const
and

Fraction operator +(const Fraction& other) const {
Fraction result(*this); result +=other; return result;
}


private:
int numerator;
int denominator;
void GCF(int numerator, int denominator,int & gcf);
and why not
static int GCF(int numerator,int denom);
void set(int numerator, int denominator);
void Reduce (int& numerator,int& denominator,Fra ction&
reducedFraction );
this looks ugly too, write a member function which reduces this fraction,
it's enough, as you will see.

void Reduce();
};
#endif

I hope it's not too much. Good luck.

grzegorz