how to make a widget print itself?

[TMS]

BartonC has helped me with this on another thread, but I've had to start over, and have a new question, and have had a nice spring break to calm down a bit.

I can't seem to get the widget to print the value of itself. Right now, it prints an 'A' just for a test. I've tried calling self.keyButton and simply self, but self returns an address (I think it looks like this: .12854776) and some other things as well, but they don't work for me. Here is the code:

buttonData = \
(
( (' ~ \n ` \n ', 1), (' ! \n 1 \n ', 1), (' @ \n 2 \n', 1), (' # \n 3 \n', 1), (' $ \n 4 \n', 1), 
(' % \n 5 \n', 1), (' ^ \n 6 \n', 1), (' & \n 7 \n', 1), (' * \n 8 \n', 1), (' ( \n 9 \n', 1), 
(' ) \n 0 \n', 1), (' _ \n - \n', 1), (' + \n = \n', 1), (' \n    Backspace    \n', 6), (), ()),
((' Tab \n', 2), (), (' Q \n', 1), (' W \n', 1), (' E \n', 1), (' R \n', 1), (' T \n', 1),
(' Y \n', 1), (' U \n ', 1), (' I \n ', 1), (' O \n ', 1), (' P \n ', 1), (' { \n [ ', 1), 
('    } \n    ] ', 1 ), ('     |     \n \\ ', 1) ),
(('Caps Lock\n', 3), (), (), ('A\n', 1), ('S\n', 1), ('D\n', 1), ('F\n', 1), ('G\n', 1),
('H\n', 1), ('J\n', 1), ('K\n', 1), ('L\n', 1), (':\n;', 1), ('"\n\'', 1),
('Enter\n ', 2)),
(('Shift\n', 3), (), (), ('Z\n', 1), ('X\n', 1), ('C\n', 1), ('V\n', 1), ('B\n', 1),
('N\n', 1), ('M\n', 1), ('<\n,', 1), ('>\n.', 1), ('?\n/', 1), ('Shift\n', 2)),
(('\nCtrl', 3), (), (), ('\nAlt', 2), (), ('\n         Space             ', 7), (), (),(),(),(), (), ('\nAlt', 2), (), ('\nCtrl', 2)),
)
from Tkinter import *
#from buttonLayout import * #don't need this if its on one page
class keyboard(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
    def create_widgets(self):
        for rowNum, rowTuple in enumerate(buttonData):
            for colNum, constTuple in enumerate(rowTuple):
                if constTuple:
                    self.keyButton=Button(self, text = constTuple[0], command=self.DoAction)
                    self.keyButton.grid(row=rowNum, column=colNum, columnspan = constTuple[1], sticky=N+E+S+W)
 
    def DoAction(self):
        try:
            print 'A', #tried print self.keyButton, but doesn't work
        except:
            print "nope"
    def state(self, state): #haven't really used this yet
        self.state=state
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root=Tk()
    root.title("K E Y B O A R D")
    myKeyboard = keyboard(root)
    root.mainloop()
 
 

signed....

still learning :)

[bartonc]

Ok, Still Learning. You can call me Barton.
What I'm about to give you will take some study of the Tkinter classes (it's faily advanced stuff). This is event handling at its finest in Tkinter:

buttonData = \
(
( (' ~ \n ` \n ', 1), (' ! \n 1 \n ', 1), (' @ \n 2 \n', 1), (' # \n 3 \n', 1), (' $ \n 4 \n', 1),
(' % \n 5 \n', 1), (' ^ \n 6 \n', 1), (' & \n 7 \n', 1), (' * \n 8 \n', 1), (' ( \n 9 \n', 1),
(' ) \n 0 \n', 1), (' _ \n - \n', 1), (' + \n = \n', 1), (' \n  Backspace       \n', 6), (), ()),
((' Tab \n', 2), (), (' Q \n', 1), (' W \n', 1), (' E \n', 1), (' R \n', 1), (' T \n', 1),
(' Y \n', 1), (' U \n ', 1), (' I \n ', 1), (' O \n ', 1), (' P \n ', 1), (' { \n [ ', 1),
('      } \n    ] ', 1 ), ('     |       \n \\ ', 1) ),
(('Caps Lock\n', 3), (), (), ('A\n', 1), ('S\n', 1), ('D\n', 1), ('F\n', 1), ('G\n', 1),
('H\n', 1), ('J\n', 1), ('K\n', 1), ('L\n', 1), (':\n;', 1), ('"\n\'', 1),
('Enter\n ', 2)),
(('Shift\n', 3), (), (), ('Z\n', 1), ('X\n', 1), ('C\n', 1), ('V\n', 1), ('B\n', 1),
('N\n', 1), ('M\n', 1), ('<\n,', 1), ('>\n.', 1), ('?\n/', 1), ('Shift\n', 2)),
(('\nCtrl', 3), (), (), ('\nAlt', 2), (), ('\n           Space                   ', 7), (), (),(),(),(), (), ('\nAlt', 2), (), ('\nCtrl', 2)),
)
 
 
from Tkinter import *
#from buttonLayout import * #don't need this if its on one page
 
 
class keyboard(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.state = 0
 
    def create_widgets(self):
        for rowNum, rowTuple in enumerate(buttonData):
            for colNum, constTuple in enumerate(rowTuple):
                if constTuple:
                    keyButton=Button(self, text=constTuple[0])
                    keyButton.bind("<Button-1>", self.DoAction)
                    keyButton.grid(row=rowNum, column=colNum, columnspan = constTuple[1], sticky=N+E+S+W)
 
    def DoAction(self, event):
        """Get the widget from the event, then get the 'text' attribute of the widget."""
        # You'll need a very consistent labeling scheme or lots of "if textItem[1] == "Space":
        # type of tests.
        widgetText = event.widget['text']
        print widgetText
        textItems = widgetText.split()
        print textItems
        print textItems[self.state]
 
    def state(self, state): #haven't really used this yet
        self.state=state
 
 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root=Tk()
    root.title("K E Y B O A R D")
    myKeyboard = keyboard(root)
    root.mainloop()
 

Nice job on the keyboard layout by the way!

[bvdet]

Ok, Still Learning. You can call me Barton.
What I'm about to give you will take some study of the Tkinter classes (it's faily advanced stuff). This is event handling at its finest in Tkinter:

buttonData = \
(
( (' ~ \n ` \n ', 1), (' ! \n 1 \n ', 1), (' @ \n 2 \n', 1), (' # \n 3 \n', 1), (' $ \n 4 \n', 1),
(' % \n 5 \n', 1), (' ^ \n 6 \n', 1), (' & \n 7 \n', 1), (' * \n 8 \n', 1), (' ( \n 9 \n', 1),
(' ) \n 0 \n', 1), (' _ \n - \n', 1), (' + \n = \n', 1), (' \n  Backspace       \n', 6), (), ()),
((' Tab \n', 2), (), (' Q \n', 1), (' W \n', 1), (' E \n', 1), (' R \n', 1), (' T \n', 1),
(' Y \n', 1), (' U \n ', 1), (' I \n ', 1), (' O \n ', 1), (' P \n ', 1), (' { \n [ ', 1),
('      } \n    ] ', 1 ), ('     |       \n \\ ', 1) ),
(('Caps Lock\n', 3), (), (), ('A\n', 1), ('S\n', 1), ('D\n', 1), ('F\n', 1), ('G\n', 1),
('H\n', 1), ('J\n', 1), ('K\n', 1), ('L\n', 1), (':\n;', 1), ('"\n\'', 1),
('Enter\n ', 2)),
(('Shift\n', 3), (), (), ('Z\n', 1), ('X\n', 1), ('C\n', 1), ('V\n', 1), ('B\n', 1),
('N\n', 1), ('M\n', 1), ('<\n,', 1), ('>\n.', 1), ('?\n/', 1), ('Shift\n', 2)),
(('\nCtrl', 3), (), (), ('\nAlt', 2), (), ('\n           Space                   ', 7), (), (),(),(),(), (), ('\nAlt', 2), (), ('\nCtrl', 2)),
)
 
 
from Tkinter import *
#from buttonLayout import * #don't need this if its on one page
 
 
class keyboard(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.state = 0
 
    def create_widgets(self):
        for rowNum, rowTuple in enumerate(buttonData):
            for colNum, constTuple in enumerate(rowTuple):
                if constTuple:
                    keyButton=Button(self, text=constTuple[0])
                    keyButton.bind("<Button-1>", self.DoAction)
                    keyButton.grid(row=rowNum, column=colNum, columnspan = constTuple[1], sticky=N+E+S+W)
 
    def DoAction(self, event):
        """Get the widget from the event, then get the 'text' attribute of the widget."""
        # You'll need a very consistent labeling scheme or lots of "if textItem[1] == "Space":
        # type of tests.
        widgetText = event.widget['text']
        print widgetText
        textItems = widgetText.split()
        print textItems
        print textItems[self.state]
 
    def state(self, state): #haven't really used this yet
        self.state=state
 
 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root=Tk()
    root.title("K E Y B O A R D")
    myKeyboard = keyboard(root)
    root.mainloop()
 

Nice job on the keyboard layout by the way!

That's really neat! Good job guys.

[TMS]

That is great. We haven't gone over events, but I've been reading about them in the Lundh documentation. That looks great!

Thank you again!

TMS

[TMS]

Guess what? It isn't what the teacher wanted. He wanted me to use a callback. I'm not real familiar with callbacks, he kinda glossed over it in class, and the info on the internet isn't real clear to me.

He had me change the code like this:

from Tkinter import *
from buttonLayout import *
 
class keyboard(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master, callback):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.index = 0
        self.callback = callback 
    def create_widgets(self):
        for rowNum, rowTuple in enumerate(buttonData):
            for colNum, constTuple in enumerate(rowTuple):
                if constTuple:
                    keyButton=Button(self, text=constTuple[0])
                    keyButton.bind("<Button-1>", self.DoAction)
                    keyButton.grid(row=rowNum, column=colNum, columnspan = constTuple[1], sticky=N+E+S+W)
    def DoAction(self, event):
        """Get the widget from the event, then get the 'text' attribute of the widget."""
        # lots of "if textItem[1] == "Space": type of tests.
        widgetText = event.widget['text']
        #print widgetText,
        textItems = widgetText.split()
        if textItems[self.index] in ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'):
            lower(textItems[self.index])  #this is for normal state
            # I know the following is wrong it prints the address of the function:
            self.callback(func)  #this is where I need help
    def index(self, index): 
        self.index=index
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root=Tk()
    root.title("K E Y B O A R D")
    def func(key):
        print key,
    myKeyboard = keyboard(root, func)
    root.mainloop()
 
 

So, my question now is how do I use the callback to call the function in main? Or am I thinking about it wrong? I have to call the func somewhere.

TMS

[TMS]

LOL, nevermind. I found it.

if textItems[self.index] in ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'):
            textItems = lower(textItems[self.index])  #this is for normal state
            self.callback(textItems[self.index])  
 

I just needed to think about it a little longer, I suppose.

[bartonc]

Guess what? It isn't what the teacher wanted. He wanted me to use a callback. I'm not real familiar with callbacks, he kinda glossed over it in class, and the info on the internet isn't real clear to me.

He had me change the code like this:

from Tkinter import *
from buttonLayout import *
 
class keyboard(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master, callback):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.index = 0
        self.callback = callback 
    def create_widgets(self):
        for rowNum, rowTuple in enumerate(buttonData):
            for colNum, constTuple in enumerate(rowTuple):
                if constTuple:
                    keyButton=Button(self, text=constTuple[0])
                    keyButton.bind("<Button-1>", self.DoAction)
                    keyButton.grid(row=rowNum, column=colNum, columnspan = constTuple[1], sticky=N+E+S+W)
    def DoAction(self, event):
        """Get the widget from the event, then get the 'text' attribute of the widget."""
        # lots of "if textItem[1] == "Space": type of tests.
        widgetText = event.widget['text']
        #print widgetText,
        textItems = widgetText.split()
        if textItems[self.index] in ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'):
            lower(textItems[self.index])  #this is for normal state
            # I know the following is wrong it prints the address of the function:
            self.callback(func)  #this is where I need help
    def index(self, index): 
        self.index=index
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root=Tk()
    root.title("K E Y B O A R D")
    def func(key):
        print key,
    myKeyboard = keyboard(root, func)
    root.mainloop()
 
 

So, my question now is how do I use the callback to call the function in main? Or am I thinking about it wrong? I have to call the func somewhere.

TMS

Now you teacher is really starting to bug me. The line

self.keyButton=Button(self, text = constTuple[0], command=self.DoAction)

specifies DoAction() as the callback function. There are advanced techniques for getting this callback to take arguments, but I'll bet that's not what the grinch is after either. I still like the subclass of Button from the early version as the best way to do this without using event handling. That subclass used callback in the manner that you are after. Let's see what you can come up with. And have fun!

[TMS]

LOL, yeah, I'm really having fun now.

OK, this is for the win. I have to figure out the states. I was given some pseudocode that goes like this:

for CapsLock key:
if the keyboard state is cap:
set the state to normal
otherwise:
set the state to cap

For the Shift key:
if the keyboard state is shifted or cap:
set the state to normal
otherwise:
set the state to shifted

normal state means that keys are lower case, in shifted and cap states keys are upper case.

dual symbol:
in normal and cap dual symbol keys pass lower symbol (index +1). In shifted state they pass upper symbol.

special keys like space, alt, ctrl, back space, tab just print themselves. (I had actually made them do what they were supposed to do, but that isn't what he wanted). Shift and Caps Lock change the state of the keyboard based on the above pseudocode.

SO you brilliant people, for the win: I've been trying to write a function for normal and it isn't working very well. Here is what I have, can you point out what my problem is? I'm thinking I can write a function for each state, but since I can't get the normal function to work, figured I had better get some help on that. Unfortunately, this is due tonight. I do appreciate whatever help I can get, but I really don't think it will be finished before class.

from Tkinter import *
from buttonLayout import *
from string import *
#from layout import *
 
class keyboard(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master, callback):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.create_widgets()
        self.index = 0
        self.callback = callback
    def create_widgets(self):
        for rowNum, rowTuple in enumerate(buttonData):
            for colNum, constTuple in enumerate(rowTuple):
                if constTuple:
                    keyButton=Button(self, text=constTuple[0])
                    keyButton.bind("<Button-1>", self.DoAction)
                    keyButton.grid(row=rowNum, column=colNum, columnspan = constTuple[1], sticky=N+E+S+W)
    def DoAction(self, event):
        """Get the widget from the event, then get the 'text' attribute of the widget."""
        # lots of "if textItem[1] == "Space": type of tests.
        widgetText = event.widget['text']
        textItems = widgetText.split()
        if textItems[self.index] == 'Shift':
            #I don't want shift to print... this is actually shifted state which should have another function
            self.callback(textItems[self.index])
        else:
            norm(textItems[self.index]) #error message says norm isn't defined. 
    def norm(self, event):
        self.event = event
        if textItems[self.index] in ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'):
                textItems = lower(textItems[self.index]) 
                self.callback(textItems[self.index])
        elif textItems[self.index] in ('~!@#$%^&*()_+{}|:"<>?'):
                textItems = textItems[self.index+1]
                self.callback(textItems[self.index])
        elif textItems[self.index] in ("'Space','Ctrl','Alt','Enter','Backspace', 'Tab'"):
                self.callback(textItems[self.index])
 
    def index(self, index): 
        self.index=index
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root=Tk()
    root.title("K E Y B O A R D")
    def func(key):
        print key,
    myKeyboard = keyboard(root, func)
    myKeyboard.grid()
    root.mainloop()
 
 

TMS

[bartonc]

(I had actually made them do what they were supposed to do, but that isn't what he wanted).

I really disagree with you teacher on this. A programmers first job is to make a program that works. The second job is to make a program that is clean and easy to understand, which is a lot easier to do AFTER you have working code.
I'm off to bible study tonight, so I'll have to look at the code later.