Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
.....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
19  2387 
Rob:
I'm not sure what you are asking, but an ArrayList is a Reference type, so
even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the REFERENCE
to the object. For all intents and purposes you won't notice the
difference. Yes, if you pass this reference type ByVal and the function
it's passed to makes any changes to it, the original ArrayList will be
changed. So the only difference between passing a Ref type byval or byRef
is that in the first case you pass a copy of the Reference, in the second
you pass the actual reference. If you want a unique copy that you can do
with what you please, you'll probalby need to opt for a deep clone of it.
HTH,
Bill
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
that should be a byref if you are going to make changes to it that will be
visible outside of that sub... byval only makes a copy of the data.. byref
makes a pointer to the data, which is what you need if you are going to make
changes that are visible outside of that test sub, or they will just get
thrown out as the sub exits... and why do you have return in there?
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
William, even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the
REFERENCE to the object.
That is what I was asking. I could see a difference between them. So are
there any peformance implications here?
My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't have to make
a copied of the reference.
Thanks for your help and timely reponse
Rob
"William Ryan" <do********@comcast.nospam.net> wrote in message
news:uS**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl... Rob:
I'm not sure what you are asking, but an ArrayList is a Reference type, so
even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the
REFERENCE to the object. For all intents and purposes you won't notice the
difference. Yes, if you pass this reference type ByVal and the function
it's passed to makes any changes to it, the original ArrayList will be
changed. So the only difference between passing a Ref type byval or byRef
is that in the first case you pass a copy of the Reference, in the second
you pass the actual reference. If you want a unique copy that you can do
with what you please, you'll probalby need to opt for a deep clone of it.
HTH,
Bill
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
> that should be a byref if you are going to make changes to it that will be
It doesn't make any difference how I pass it I can still see the changes. thrown out as the sub exits... and why do you have return in there?
fat fingers .... didn't mean to put it there.
rob
"Brian Henry" <brianiup[nospam]@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:e4**************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... that should be a byref if you are going to make changes to it that will be
visible outside of that sub... byval only makes a copy of the data.. byref
makes a pointer to the data, which is what you need if you are going to
make changes that are visible outside of that test sub, or they will just get
thrown out as the sub exits... and why do you have return in there?
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
Rob,
If Test_A was function and you were assigning an array list back to
myArrayList then ByVal is OK. If it's a sub and you want the original
object modified then pass it as ByRef. In this instance, Test_A only
creates a new ArrayList object (X), adds some items and then does nothing,
myArrayList isn't modified at all.
Hope this helps
Glen
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
William, even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the
REFERENCE to the object.
That is what I was asking. I could see a difference between them. So are
there any peformance implications here?
My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't have to make
a copied of the reference.
Thanks for your help and timely reponse
Rob
"William Ryan" <do********@comcast.nospam.net> wrote in message
news:uS**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl... Rob:
I'm not sure what you are asking, but an ArrayList is a Reference type, so
even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the
REFERENCE to the object. For all intents and purposes you won't notice the
difference. Yes, if you pass this reference type ByVal and the function
it's passed to makes any changes to it, the original ArrayList will be
changed. So the only difference between passing a Ref type byval or byRef
is that in the first case you pass a copy of the Reference, in the second
you pass the actual reference. If you want a unique copy that you can do
with what you please, you'll probalby need to opt for a deep clone of it.
HTH,
Bill
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
> that should be a byref if you are going to make changes to it that will be
It doesn't make any difference how I pass it I can still see the changes. thrown out as the sub exits... and why do you have return in there?
fat fingers .... didn't mean to put it there.
rob
"Brian Henry" <brianiup[nospam]@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:e4**************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... that should be a byref if you are going to make changes to it that will be
visible outside of that sub... byval only makes a copy of the data.. byref
makes a pointer to the data, which is what you need if you are going to
make changes that are visible outside of that test sub, or they will just get
thrown out as the sub exits... and why do you have return in there?
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
Rob,
If Test_A was function and you were assigning an array list back to
myArrayList then ByVal is OK. If it's a sub and you want the original
object modified then pass it as ByRef. In this instance, Test_A only
creates a new ArrayList object (X), adds some items and then does nothing,
myArrayList isn't modified at all.
Hope this helps
Glen
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
Rob,
In addition to the others comments: When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Short answer: Only when you need to modify the caller's variable!
Long answer:
ByVal & ByRef Parameters are independent of Reference & Value Types. All
parameters by default are passed ByVal, you should only pass a parameter
ByRef when you have to, which is when you need to modify the callers
variable.
Less memory use & better performance should not be a factor in choosing
ByVal & ByRef. The only time to consider ByRef for less memory & performance
is when passing large structures (structures as in defined with the
Structure keyword), however structures should never be large!
Structure Usage Guidelines.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/de...guidelines.asp
A Reference Type is an object that exists on the heap. If I have a variable
that is a reference type and assign the variable to another variable. Both
variables will be pointing to the same object on the heap.
Dim x As Person
x = New Person()
Dim y As Person
y = x
Both x & y are the exact same Person object on the heap.
A Value Type does not live on the Heap. If I have a value type variable and
I assign it to another variable, a copy of the value is made.
Dim x As Integer
x = 100
Dim y As Integer
y = x
Although both x & y have the value 100, they are physically different values
as a copy was made.
Now when you pass a variable to a ByVal parameter a copy of the variable is
made. So for a Reference Type a copy of the reference is made, which means
there is still only one object on the heap & two references to that object.
For a Value Type a copy of the value is made.
When you pass a variable to a ByRef parameter a reference to that variable
is made. So for a Reference Type you have a reference to a reference to the
object, for a Value Type you have a reference to the value.
Remember ByVal & ByRef are how parameters are passed. Reference & Value
Types are how quantities are stored.
Hope this helps
Jay
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
Rob,
In addition to the others comments: When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Short answer: Only when you need to modify the caller's variable!
Long answer:
ByVal & ByRef Parameters are independent of Reference & Value Types. All
parameters by default are passed ByVal, you should only pass a parameter
ByRef when you have to, which is when you need to modify the callers
variable.
Less memory use & better performance should not be a factor in choosing
ByVal & ByRef. The only time to consider ByRef for less memory & performance
is when passing large structures (structures as in defined with the
Structure keyword), however structures should never be large!
Structure Usage Guidelines.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/de...guidelines.asp
A Reference Type is an object that exists on the heap. If I have a variable
that is a reference type and assign the variable to another variable. Both
variables will be pointing to the same object on the heap.
Dim x As Person
x = New Person()
Dim y As Person
y = x
Both x & y are the exact same Person object on the heap.
A Value Type does not live on the Heap. If I have a value type variable and
I assign it to another variable, a copy of the value is made.
Dim x As Integer
x = 100
Dim y As Integer
y = x
Although both x & y have the value 100, they are physically different values
as a copy was made.
Now when you pass a variable to a ByVal parameter a copy of the variable is
made. So for a Reference Type a copy of the reference is made, which means
there is still only one object on the heap & two references to that object.
For a Value Type a copy of the value is made.
When you pass a variable to a ByRef parameter a reference to that variable
is made. So for a Reference Type you have a reference to a reference to the
object, for a Value Type you have a reference to the value.
Remember ByVal & ByRef are how parameters are passed. Reference & Value
Types are how quantities are stored.
Hope this helps
Jay
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:eZ**************@tk2msftngp13.phx.gbl... William,
even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the REFERENCE to the object.
That is what I was asking. I could see a difference between them. So are
there any peformance implications here?
My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't have to
make a copied of the reference.
No. A reference is essentially a pointer. A 32-bit argument passed on the
stack. It doesn't get any cheaper than that.
David
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:eZ**************@tk2msftngp13.phx.gbl... William,
even if you pass it by value, all you are passing is a Copy of the REFERENCE to the object.
That is what I was asking. I could see a difference between them. So are
there any peformance implications here?
My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't have to
make a copied of the reference.
No. A reference is essentially a pointer. A 32-bit argument passed on the
stack. It doesn't get any cheaper than that.
David
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com>
schrieb My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't have
to make a copied of the reference.
Performance difference byval and byref when passing reference types is close
to zero (or _is_ zero). Both store a 4-byte value on the stack.
In a procedure, when accessing an object passed to the procedure, ByVal is a
little bit faster - but this is also close to zero (but is not zero).
--
Armin http://www.plig.net/nnq/nquote.html http://www.netmeister.org/news/learn2quote.html
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com>
schrieb My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't have
to make a copied of the reference.
Performance difference byval and byref when passing reference types is close
to zero (or _is_ zero). Both store a 4-byte value on the stack.
In a procedure, when accessing an object passed to the procedure, ByVal is a
little bit faster - but this is also close to zero (but is not zero).
--
Armin http://www.plig.net/nnq/nquote.html http://www.netmeister.org/news/learn2quote.html
"Armin Zingler" <az*******@freenet.de> schrieb "Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com>
schrieb My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't
have to make a copied of the reference.
Performance difference byval and byref when passing reference types
is close to zero (or _is_ zero). Both store a 4-byte value on the
stack.
Should be: ....difference between byval and byref...
In addition: The difference when passing value types depends on the size of
the value type. Passing a value type ByRef always stores 4 byte on the
stack. Passing it ByVal stores the whole object on the stack, so the bigger
the value type, the slower. But, as it has already been mentioned, the
decision to use ByVal or ByRef should not depend on this, but on whether the
passed *variable* should be changable (and the variable contains a reference
with reference types and the whole object with value types...)
--
Armin http://www.plig.net/nnq/nquote.html http://www.netmeister.org/news/learn2quote.html
"Armin Zingler" <az*******@freenet.de> schrieb "Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com>
schrieb My guess byRef would have better performance because it doesn't
have to make a copied of the reference.
Performance difference byval and byref when passing reference types
is close to zero (or _is_ zero). Both store a 4-byte value on the
stack.
Should be: ....difference between byval and byref...
In addition: The difference when passing value types depends on the size of
the value type. Passing a value type ByRef always stores 4 byte on the
stack. Passing it ByVal stores the whole object on the stack, so the bigger
the value type, the slower. But, as it has already been mentioned, the
decision to use ByVal or ByRef should not depend on this, but on whether the
passed *variable* should be changable (and the variable contains a reference
with reference types and the whole object with value types...)
--
Armin http://www.plig.net/nnq/nquote.html http://www.netmeister.org/news/learn2quote.html
Rob,
Basically, there are two types of variables: value types and reference
types. Value types consist simply of a value (integer, float etc.).
Reference types consist of two things - the object and the pointer to the
object (your variable name). When you pass a reference type by value, you
copy the pointer, not the object.
As the ArrayList type is a *reference* object, the variable you named
"myArrayList" is an object pointer that points to somewhere in memory that
contains your ArrayList.
When you pass "myArrayList" By Value to a function, the object pointer is
copied, but still points to the same object in memory - this is why you can
change the contents of the ArrayList. In your function, if you set "X" to a
new Arraylist, this will not be reflected by the "myArrayList" variable as
you passed it by value - it will still be the same ArrayList instance.
However, if you pass "myArrayList" by Reference, you pass the "myArrayList"
object pointer. Again, you can modify the contents, but this time, if you
set X to a new ArrayList, "myArrayList" will also be set to the new
ArrayList because you passed the object pointer by reference.
Hope this is slightly clearer than mud ;)
Trev.
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
Rob,
Basically, there are two types of variables: value types and reference
types. Value types consist simply of a value (integer, float etc.).
Reference types consist of two things - the object and the pointer to the
object (your variable name). When you pass a reference type by value, you
copy the pointer, not the object.
As the ArrayList type is a *reference* object, the variable you named
"myArrayList" is an object pointer that points to somewhere in memory that
contains your ArrayList.
When you pass "myArrayList" By Value to a function, the object pointer is
copied, but still points to the same object in memory - this is why you can
change the contents of the ArrayList. In your function, if you set "X" to a
new Arraylist, this will not be reflected by the "myArrayList" variable as
you passed it by value - it will still be the same ArrayList instance.
However, if you pass "myArrayList" by Reference, you pass the "myArrayList"
object pointer. Again, you can modify the contents, but this time, if you
set X to a new ArrayList, "myArrayList" will also be set to the new
ArrayList because you passed the object pointer by reference.
Hope this is slightly clearer than mud ;)
Trev.
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> wrote in
message news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl... Hello,
Ok here is the senerio:
....
Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
me.Test_A( myArrayList )
myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
RETURN
When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
Thanks,
Rob Panosh
Hello, Rob:
Codemonkey has given an excellent explanation. Here is a practical case:
'\\\
Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
'Add three items when passed ByVal or ByRef.
X.Add( "Item 1")
X.Add( "Item 2")
X.Add( "Item 3")
'This will be useless using ByVal, but will change the original X when passed ByRef:
Dim Y As New ArrayList
Y.Add( "Item 4")
Y.Add( "Item 5")
Y.Add( "Item 6")
X=Y
End Sub
'///
Regards.
"Rob Panosh" <ro************************@asdsoftadfdware.com> escribió en el mensaje news:Om*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
| Hello,
|
| Ok here is the senerio:
|
| ....
|
| Dim myArrayList as New ArrayList(0)
|
| me.Test_A( myArrayList )
|
| myArralist.Count > 0 'This will be TRUE.
|
| Public Sub Test_A( byVal X as ArrayList )
|
| 'Add three items.
| X.Add( "Item 1")
| X.Add( "Item 2")
| X.Add( "Item 3")
|
| RETURN
|
|
| When should I make the incoming parameter X as byRef?
|
|
| Thanks,
| Rob Panosh
This thread has been closed and replies have been disabled. Please start a new discussion. Similar topics
by: Sandy |
last post by:
Hello!
Help!!!!
I have ten zillion books that attempt to describe the
difference between ByVal and ByRef and none of them are
clear to me. I have gathered that ByVal makes a copy and
ByRef...
|
by: Hei |
last post by:
Hi,
i know the difference of ByRef and ByVal, in case if use byref or byval
don't affect the result which one should prefer? (less memory use, better
performance ....issue)
thx
|
by: Carlos Gomez |
last post by:
In VB6 the default for passing variables was ByRef. It was faster and
used less memory. Why did MS changed that? Are there any advantages
using ByVal over ByRef? (other than ByVal impeding you from...
|
by: Robin Tucker |
last post by:
Although I've been working on this project for 8 months now, I'm still not
sure of the difference between ByVal and ByRef. As most objects in VB are
reference types, passing ByVal I've discovered...
|
by: Niklas |
last post by:
Hi
What I have learned is that a variable is just a reference when dealing with Objects.
Are you supposed to use ByVal or ByRef in functions? They produce the same result or have I missed...
|
by: Warren Sirota |
last post by:
Hi,
Please let me know if I am interpreting this correctly. I've done a
little testing of the difference between passing parameters byVal and
byRef, and the results were slightly non-intuitive,...
|
by: barrett bonden |
last post by:
Is there any way to pass parameters to a function and simply know there will
get there without the silly (C like ) complexity of worring about byval and
or perhaps byref ?
(Why bother to...
|
by: Witold Iwaniec via .NET 247 |
last post by:
It seems that when you pass an object to a function it is always passed by reference even if it is explicitly declared ByVal. Is it the behavior of VB.Net?
Here is sample code from sample Asp.Net...
|
by: Boni |
last post by:
Dear all,
I found out that I don' understand byVal/byRef in VB.
There is a simple example:
Why in the first test the result is 10,10 where in the second 0,20.
Thanks for your help.
Boni
Module...
|
by: Charles Arthur |
last post by:
How do i turn on java script on a villaon, callus and itel keypad mobile phone
|
by: ryjfgjl |
last post by:
In our work, we often receive Excel tables with data in the same format. If we want to analyze these data, it can be difficult to analyze them because the data is spread across multiple Excel files...
|
by: BarryA |
last post by:
What are the essential steps and strategies outlined in the Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) roadmap for aspiring data scientists? How can individuals effectively utilize this roadmap to progress...
|
by: nemocccc |
last post by:
hello, everyone, I want to develop a software for my android phone for daily needs, any suggestions?
|
by: Sonnysonu |
last post by:
This is the data of csv file
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
2 3
2 3
3
the lengths should be different i have to store the data by column-wise with in the specific length.
suppose the i have to...
|
by: Hystou |
last post by:
There are some requirements for setting up RAID:
1. The motherboard and BIOS support RAID configuration.
2. The motherboard has 2 or more available SATA protocol SSD/HDD slots (including MSATA, M.2...
|
by: Hystou |
last post by:
Most computers default to English, but sometimes we require a different language, especially when relocating. Forgot to request a specific language before your computer shipped? No problem! You can...
|
by: Oralloy |
last post by:
Hello folks,
I am unable to find appropriate documentation on the type promotion of bit-fields when using the generalised comparison operator "<=>".
The problem is that using the GNU compilers,...
|
by: jinu1996 |
last post by:
In today's digital age, having a compelling online presence is paramount for businesses aiming to thrive in a competitive landscape. At the heart of this digital strategy lies an intricately woven...
| |
