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Inheritance and Shared Methods

1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base class
and adds functionality.
3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have a
3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
methods.
4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd
level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the "plain"
functionality at all levels above it.

I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
To me, this enables simpler UI code.

For example:
strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select

In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I just use
the shared methods in levels 1-3.

================================================== =========
My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this well
enough yet <g> )
is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me to use
Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.

Is it not possible?
================================================== ============

If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?

================================================

Sample code:

Level 1
Public MustInherit Class Base

Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff

Inherits Base

Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 3
Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff

Inherits GeneratedStuff

Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows customized
changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific to a
single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel

Inherits HandCodedStuff

Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function

Thanks for any advice!
--
Joe Fallon


Nov 20 '05 #1
33 3408
I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared methods
from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class you
could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared method in the
base class.
"Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base class and adds functionality.
3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have a
3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
methods.
4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd
level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the "plain" functionality at all levels above it.

I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
To me, this enables simpler UI code.

For example:
strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select

In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I just use the shared methods in levels 1-3.

================================================== =========
My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this well
enough yet <g> )
is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me to use
Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.

Is it not possible?
================================================== ============

If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?

================================================

Sample code:

Level 1
Public MustInherit Class Base

Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff

Inherits Base

Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 3
Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff

Inherits GeneratedStuff

Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows customized changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific to a
single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel

Inherits HandCodedStuff

Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function

Thanks for any advice!
--
Joe Fallon

Nov 20 '05 #2
Hi Joe,

If you want to keep your methods as Shared then you can't use Overrides in
Level 4. Overrideable and Overrides are only available with object methods, so
that would be goodbye to your Shared..

There is, however, the option of using Shadows. In FinalLevel,
Shadows Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
will make the name DoSomethingElse available to users of that class.

If you were doing this using object methods and Overrides, you would call
the base class method using MyBase.SameMethod as Scott pointed out.

With Shared methods the equivalent is simply to use the name of the base
class.

So you could have:
'Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
Inherits Base
Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
End Function
End Class

'Level 4
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel_Client1
Inherits HandCodedStuff
Shadows Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
GeneratedStuff.DoSomethingElse(...) 'If necessary:
'Do Client1's something else.
End Function
End Class

'Ditto for Client2, etc.

Regards,
Fergus
Nov 20 '05 #3
* "Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> scripsit:
1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base class
and adds functionality.
3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have a
3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
methods.
4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd
level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the "plain"
functionality at all levels above it.

I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
To me, this enables simpler UI code.


You cannot override a shared method. I would suggest to remove the
'Shared' from the declaration and implement something like the Singleton
design pattern. You can make a Google search if you want to get more
information on the Singleton pattern.

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #4
Scott,
Overrides & Shared are incompatible. You can only override Overridable
methods. Overridable methods cannot be Shared.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:uv*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared methods from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class you
could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared method in the
base class.
"Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base

class
and adds functionality.
3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have a 3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
methods.
4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the

"plain"
functionality at all levels above it.

I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
To me, this enables simpler UI code.

For example:
strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select

In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I just

use
the shared methods in levels 1-3.

================================================== =========
My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this well
enough yet <g> )
is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me to use
Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.

Is it not possible?
================================================== ============

If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?

================================================

Sample code:

Level 1
Public MustInherit Class Base

Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff

Inherits Base

Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 3
Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff

Inherits GeneratedStuff

Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows

customized
changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific to a single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel

Inherits HandCodedStuff

Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function

Thanks for any advice!
--
Joe Fallon


Nov 20 '05 #5
What about Shadows then?
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in message
news:ut**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
Scott,
Overrides & Shared are incompatible. You can only override Overridable
methods. Overridable methods cannot be Shared.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:uv*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared methods
from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class you
could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared method in the
base class.
"Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base

class
and adds functionality.
3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have a
3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
methods.
4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the "plain"
functionality at all levels above it.

I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
To me, this enables simpler UI code.

For example:
strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select

In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I
just
use
the shared methods in levels 1-3.

================================================== =========
My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this

well enough yet <g> )
is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me to use Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.

Is it not possible?
================================================== ============

If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?

================================================

Sample code:

Level 1
Public MustInherit Class Base

Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff

Inherits Base

Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String
End Function
================================================
Level 3
Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff

Inherits GeneratedStuff

Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows

customized
changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific

to a single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel

Inherits HandCodedStuff

Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function

Thanks for any advice!
--
Joe Fallon



Nov 20 '05 #6
Joe,
I would recommend a Singleton pattern as Herfried suggested. The "problem"
your going to have is where to put the singleton. Ideally you would make
Base the Singleton, however that makes it difficult for the derived classes
to override implementation. You could make the derived classes the
singleton, however then your program is 'hard coded' to the derived class.

The approach I would consider is to make Base the Singleton, however I would
store the class name to use in the app.config file. When the base creates
the instance of the singleton, it would get the class out of the app.config.
Effectively combining the Singleton Pattern with a PlugIn pattern.

http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/singleton.html
http://www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/plugin.html

Something like:

Imports System.Configuration

Public MustInherit Class Base

#Region " Singleton support "

Private Shared m_instance As Base

Public Shared Readonly Property Instance() As Base
Get
If m_instance is Nothing Then
Dim s As String =
ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings("base.type")
Dim t As Type = Type.GetType(s)
m_instance =
DirectCast(Activator.CreateInstance(t,True), Base)
End If
Return m_Instance
End Get
End Property

Protected Sub New()
End Sub

#End Region

Public Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String
End Function

Public MustOverride Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String)
As String

Public MustOverride Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As
String

End Class

Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
Inherits Base
Protected Sub New()
End Sub

Public Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As
String
End Function

End Class

Public Class HandCodedStuff
Inherits GeneratedStuff
Protected Sub New()
End Sub

Public Overrides Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As
String
End Function

End Class

Public Class FinalLevel
Inherits HandCodedStuff
Protected Sub New()
End Sub

Public Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As
String
End Function

End Class

' The app.config file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<appSettings>
<add key="base.type" value="myproject.FinalLevel, myproject" />
</appSettings>
</configuration>

Then when you need to use the instance you simply use:

Dim source As String
Base.Instance.DoSomething(source)
Base.Instance.IWroteThis(source)
Base.Instance.DoSomethingElse(source)

Note the type in the config file should be in the format
"mynamespace.myclass, myassembly", where myclass is the class name you are
using, mynamespace is the namespace that class belongs to, and myassembly is
the assembly where the class is. Normally you can get the namespace &
assembly from the Project Properties. In the above case myclass can be
either FinalLevel or HandCodedStuff.

Note: The True in "Activator.CreateInstance(t,True)", allows non public
constructors to be used, this allows you to add the protected constructors
preventing the class from being created outside of the singleton pattern.

If the above is included in a class library assembly, I would define a
custom section for app.config file. Each app that used the class library
would then need to include the custom section in their app.config. This
allows better isolation for the class library settings verses the
application settings.

Public Shared ReadOnly Property Instance() As Base
Get
If m_instance Is Nothing Then
Dim col As IDictionary =
DirectCast(ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig("myproj ectSettings"),
IDictionary)
Dim s As String = DirectCast(col("type"), String)
Dim t As Type = Type.GetType(s)
m_instance = DirectCast(Activator.CreateInstance(t, True),
Base)
End If
Return m_instance
End Get
End Property

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="myprojectSettings"
type="System.Configuration.SingleTagSectionHandler " />
</configSections>
<appSettings>
</appSettings>
<myprojectSettings type="FunWithButtons.FinalLevel,
Fun.With.Buttons" />
</configuration>

The thing I like about the custom configuration section is you can give more
meaningful names, such as the assembly name & "type" for the value.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base class and adds functionality.
3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have a
3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
methods.
4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd
level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the "plain" functionality at all levels above it.

I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
To me, this enables simpler UI code.

For example:
strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select

In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I just use the shared methods in levels 1-3.

================================================== =========
My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this well
enough yet <g> )
is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me to use
Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.

Is it not possible?
================================================== ============

If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?

================================================

Sample code:

Level 1
Public MustInherit Class Base

Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff

Inherits Base

Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 3
Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff

Inherits GeneratedStuff

Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function
================================================
Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows customized changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific to a
single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel

Inherits HandCodedStuff

Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String

End Function

Thanks for any advice!
--
Joe Fallon

Nov 20 '05 #7
Hi Scott,

If you are ignoring my posts, you won't have seen that I recommended using
Shadows in this case.

Regards,
Fergus
Nov 20 '05 #8
Scott,
As Fergus stated, he wrote up a little something on Shadows.

The problem is that Shadows does not Override functionality. Shadows Hides
functionality.

If you used Shadows and referred to the base class you will get the base
class functionality. The way I read Joe's comments, he wants to override the
base class functionality, in that he could refer to the base class and see
the replaced functionality.

Don't get me wrong you can use Shadows in a situation like this, and in some
ways its the "easiest" thing to use in Joe's case. However just be certain
you know what Shadows is giving you & not giving you.

For a sample of how to use Overrides in Joe's case, see my other long post
to this thread.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:Oo**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
What about Shadows then?
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in message news:ut**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
Scott,
Overrides & Shared are incompatible. You can only override Overridable
methods. Overridable methods cannot be Shared.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:uv*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared

methods
from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class you could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared method in the base class.
"Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> 1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
> 2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base class
> and adds functionality.
> 3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I have
a
> 3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded
> methods.
> 4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits
the 3rd
> level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the
"plain"
> functionality at all levels above it.
>
> I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
> To me, this enables simpler UI code.
>
> For example:
> strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select
>
> In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I

just use
> the shared methods in levels 1-3.
>
> ================================================== =========
> My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this well > enough yet <g> )
> is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me to use > Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.
>
> Is it not possible?
> ================================================== ============
>
> If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?
>
> ================================================
>
> Sample code:
>
> Level 1
> Public MustInherit Class Base
>
> Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String
>
> End Function
>
>
> ================================================
> Level 2
> Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
>
> Inherits Base
>
> Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String >
> End Function
>
>
> ================================================
> Level 3
> Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff
>
> Inherits GeneratedStuff
>
> Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String
>
> End Function
>
>
> ================================================
> Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows
customized
> changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific

to
a
> single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
> Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel
>
> Inherits HandCodedStuff
>
> Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String
>
> End Function
>
>
>
> Thanks for any advice!
> --
> Joe Fallon
>
>
>
>



Nov 20 '05 #9
* "Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> scripsit:
If you are ignoring my posts, you won't have seen that I recommended using
Shadows in this case.


Your post is an advice to use 'Shadows' which doesn't make sense.
Please be so kind to say thanks if someone tells you that you made a
mistake.

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #10
Cor
Please
Nov 20 '05 #11
Good morning Herfried,

Joe gives reasons for wanting to use Shared methods. You may have chosen
to ignore them. The Singleton pattern, while suitable for situations like
this, means that Joe wouldn't continue to enjoy the benefits of avoidiug
object instances and the like.

Using Shadows is a single-word solution. It allows Joe to do exactly what
he asked.

Using the Singleton Pattern takes him into a different ball park. It would
have its own benefits, of course, but learning and implementing it means a
short diversion for Joe.

I hope that Joe learns the Singleton Pattern and continues to learn many
more Design Patterns. But whether he chooses to do so now or uses Shadows now
and learns more OOP later is his choice.

If you fail to see sense in my solution, I suggest that you study a bit
more.

Regards,
Fergus

ps. I was not aware that I had been corrected by anybody. To which post would
you like me to respond with a thank you?
Nov 20 '05 #12
Fergus,
I saw the sense in your suggestion ;-)

And as I stated to Scott, it may be what Joe needs.

Note there are ways to structure the Singleton to have an instance & still
present Shared methods to other developers. One of the easiest ways is to
use an inner class. Where the shared methods call methods on an instance of
a inner class object. I did not present them to Joe as I did not want to
scare him too much.

Jay

"Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> wrote in message
news:ur*************@TK2MSFTNGP12.phx.gbl...
Good morning Herfried,

Joe gives reasons for wanting to use Shared methods. You may have chosen to ignore them. The Singleton pattern, while suitable for situations like
this, means that Joe wouldn't continue to enjoy the benefits of avoidiug
object instances and the like.

Using Shadows is a single-word solution. It allows Joe to do exactly what he asked.

Using the Singleton Pattern takes him into a different ball park. It would have its own benefits, of course, but learning and implementing it means a
short diversion for Joe.

I hope that Joe learns the Singleton Pattern and continues to learn many more Design Patterns. But whether he chooses to do so now or uses Shadows now and learns more OOP later is his choice.

If you fail to see sense in my solution, I suggest that you study a bit more.

Regards,
Fergus

ps. I was not aware that I had been corrected by anybody. To which post would you like me to respond with a thank you?

Nov 20 '05 #13
* "Cor" <no*@non.com> scripsit:
Please


Did you forget to type some text to this post?

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #14
Cor
Herfried,
Please

No maybe a sign
?
Cor
Nov 20 '05 #15
Cor
> If you fail to see sense in my solution, I suggest that you study a
bit
more.

Please?
Nov 20 '05 #16
Cor
Herfried and Fergus,

Please you both are working for the quality of this newsgroup. And we all
regulars are proud about it that we have such a good newsgroup, without
silly tic tac's .

Sometimes it gives some hard fights to show our ideas and to tell how hard
we stand for it.

But drink after the fight a beer or a wine and say. We both lost and won but
we learned a lot from it.

So let us be proud again.

Cor
Nov 20 '05 #17
* "Cor" <no*@non.com> scripsit:
If you fail to see sense in my solution, I suggest that you study a

bit
more.

Please?


I won't reply to an unqalified post like that written by Fergus. Fergus
is not able to cope with criticism. He always wants to have the last
word... I try to ignore him in future because he doesn't want to be
part of the community. He has chosen to stand outside it.

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #18
* "Cor" <no*@non.com> scripsit:
Please

No maybe a sign
?


It seems that you don't want to hear the facts.

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #19
* "Cor" <no*@non.com> scripsit:
Please you both are working for the quality of this newsgroup. And we all
regulars are proud about it that we have such a good newsgroup, without
silly tic tac's .

Sometimes it gives some hard fights to show our ideas and to tell how hard
we stand for it.

But drink after the fight a beer or a wine and say. We both lost and won but
we learned a lot from it.


I am waiting for Fergus to come back. Now he preferrs to stand outside
the community. I am sure he knows that he is welcome, but he needs some
more time to change his habits.

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #20
Hi Cor,

LOL.

Different interpretations.

'Study a bit more, please'
The speaker is demanding.
I want you to do something.

'I suggest that you study a bit more.'
The speaker is offering.
Here's something you could do.
It's up to you.

That's the 'being-correct-about-English' version.

In the current emotional context, if I added 'please' I would be offering
sarcastic and insincere politeness as shown in that other message. I was
merely being 'pointed' in my tone.

But I believe I hear what you are saying, Cor - "why not start to mend the
rift". It's a worthy suggestion but one that will take some time. It's much
too early for HK and I'm not quite ready yet either.

Regards,
Fergus
Nov 20 '05 #21
Herfried,

I will continue to correct you when you make ridiculous statements about
me. It would be much better for everyone if you expressed your various angers
in the threads which have been previously taken over.

You are being very inconsiderate in using Joe Fallon's thread (and others)
to mouth off. It's fine when the OP has been answered and gone their way -
then you can treat a thread as you like. Until then it is much more respectful
to the OP, and everyone else, if you place your emotional OT words in the
fighting areas provided.

=====================
Keep it out of the mainstream.
=====================

Fergus

Nov 20 '05 #22
* "Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> scripsit:
[...]

Please email me things like that and do not annoy the community by your
spam posts. Just remove the "spam-me-here" part of my mail address and
reply to it instead of destroying the group.

--
Herfried K. Wagner
MVP · VB Classic, VB.NET
<http://www.mvps.org/dotnet>
Nov 20 '05 #23
Take this to the other thread.
Nov 20 '05 #24
Not ignoring, but don't see any reply from you at all to this message prior
to mine. So, thanks for the attitude.

"Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> wrote in message
news:ux**************@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
Hi Scott,

If you are ignoring my posts, you won't have seen that I recommended using Shadows in this case.

Regards,
Fergus

Nov 20 '05 #25
Thanks Jay. I am aware of how OverRides and Shadows work (which is why I
suggested Shared in my second reply). I was just unaware that a class
member couldn't be marked as both Shared and OverRideable.

As for the rest of the bickerring in this thread, let me just say that I
don't see anything from Fergus on Shadows prior to my reply to Joe's
question, so I'm sorry if I repeated what he said.
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in message
news:O2****************@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
Scott,
As Fergus stated, he wrote up a little something on Shadows.

The problem is that Shadows does not Override functionality. Shadows Hides
functionality.

If you used Shadows and referred to the base class you will get the base
class functionality. The way I read Joe's comments, he wants to override the base class functionality, in that he could refer to the base class and see
the replaced functionality.

Don't get me wrong you can use Shadows in a situation like this, and in some ways its the "easiest" thing to use in Joe's case. However just be certain
you know what Shadows is giving you & not giving you.

For a sample of how to use Overrides in Joe's case, see my other long post
to this thread.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:Oo**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
What about Shadows then?
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in

message
news:ut**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
Scott,
Overrides & Shared are incompatible. You can only override Overridable
methods. Overridable methods cannot be Shared.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:uv*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared
methods
> from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class you > could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared method in the > base class.
>
>
> "Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
> news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> > 1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality.
> > 2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base > class
> > and adds functionality.
> > 3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2 I

have
a
> > 3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand coded > > methods.
> > 4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the 3rd
> > level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the > "plain"
> > functionality at all levels above it.
> >
> > I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
> > To me, this enables simpler UI code.
> >
> > For example:
> > strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select
> >
> > In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class I
just
> use
> > the shared methods in levels 1-3.
> >
> > ================================================== =========
> > My problem (other than being new and not really understanding this

well
> > enough yet <g> )
> > is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me
to use
> > Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.
> >
> > Is it not possible?
> > ================================================== ============
> >
> > If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?
> >
> > ================================================
> >
> > Sample code:
> >
> > Level 1
> > Public MustInherit Class Base
> >
> > Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As
String > >
> > End Function
> >
> >
> > ================================================
> > Level 2
> > Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
> >
> > Inherits Base
> >
> > Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As

String
> >
> > End Function
> >
> >
> > ================================================
> > Level 3
> > Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff
> >
> > Inherits GeneratedStuff
> >
> > Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String > >
> > End Function
> >
> >
> > ================================================
> > Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows
> customized
> > changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific to
a
> > single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
> > Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel
> >
> > Inherits HandCodedStuff
> >
> > Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As

String > >
> > End Function
> >
> >
> >
> > Thanks for any advice!
> > --
> > Joe Fallon
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>



Nov 20 '05 #26
Hi Scott,

I think the apologies are mine. My message reads terribly on second look.
I meant to say that the answer to your question was yes and that there was
more information in my other post. The ignoring idea crept in and the wording
turned out badly. Sorry about that.

Regards,
Fergus
Nov 20 '05 #27
Scott,
Looking at the dates & times, Fergus's response was about 45 minutes after
your response, So when you gave your initial response it was not yet
available. My response was about 12 hours later, so I saw both of your
responses.
question, so I'm sorry if I repeated what he said. I would not worry about it. My comments are not meant to degrade or insult,
and I attempt to avoid "static". I referenced Fergus's response as I saw his
response and I did not want to duplicate the information for you. As at that
point in time, you could have simply read Fergus's response.
I was just unaware that a class
member couldn't be marked as both Shared and OverRideable. A number of developers have been asking for the ability, I believe a fair
share of these developers are coming from Delphi, as I am only really aware
of Delphi has the ability. I see value it allowing it, however my concern is
It raises the bar yet again of how much you really need to know to be an
effective .NET programmer. As oppose to "being little kids" and either
avoiding the features of .NET or abusing the features. Because they either
don't understand the feature or you don't know the feature exists. Or worse,
"we did it this way in VB6, so obviously we can do it the sam way in
VB.NET".

I have not seen anything in the road map that would suggest we are getting
it in VS.NET 2004.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:%2***************@TK2MSFTNGP12.phx.gbl... Thanks Jay. I am aware of how OverRides and Shadows work (which is why I
suggested Shared in my second reply). I was just unaware that a class
member couldn't be marked as both Shared and OverRideable.

As for the rest of the bickerring in this thread, let me just say that I
don't see anything from Fergus on Shadows prior to my reply to Joe's
question, so I'm sorry if I repeated what he said.
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in message news:O2****************@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
Scott,
As Fergus stated, he wrote up a little something on Shadows.

The problem is that Shadows does not Override functionality. Shadows Hides
functionality.

If you used Shadows and referred to the base class you will get the base
class functionality. The way I read Joe's comments, he wants to override the
base class functionality, in that he could refer to the base class and see the replaced functionality.

Don't get me wrong you can use Shadows in a situation like this, and in

some
ways its the "easiest" thing to use in Joe's case. However just be certain you know what Shadows is giving you & not giving you.

For a sample of how to use Overrides in Joe's case, see my other long post to this thread.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:Oo**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
What about Shadows then?
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in

message
news:ut**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> Scott,
> Overrides & Shared are incompatible. You can only override Overridable > methods. Overridable methods cannot be Shared.
>
> Hope this helps
> Jay
>
> "Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
> news:uv*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> > I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared > methods
> > from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class
you
> > could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared method
in the
> > base class.
> >
> >
> > "Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
> > news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> > > 1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of
functionality. > > > 2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base
> > class
> > > and adds functionality.
> > > 3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level 2
I have
> a
> > > 3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand

coded > > > methods.
> > > 4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the
> 3rd
> > > level class so he can write custom functionality that overrides the > > "plain"
> > > functionality at all levels above it.
> > >
> > > I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
> > > To me, this enables simpler UI code.
> > >
> > > For example:
> > > strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select
> > >
> > > In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the
class I just
> > use
> > > the shared methods in levels 1-3.
> > >
> > > ================================================== =========
> > > My problem (other than being new and not really understanding
this well
> > > enough yet <g> )
> > > is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows me

to use
> > > Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.
> > >
> > > Is it not possible?
> > > ================================================== ============
> > >
> > > If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?
> > >
> > > ================================================
> > >
> > > Sample code:
> > >
> > > Level 1
> > > Public MustInherit Class Base
> > >
> > > Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As String > > >
> > > End Function
> > >
> > >
> > > ================================================
> > > Level 2
> > > Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
> > >
> > > Inherits Base
> > >
> > > Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String
> > >
> > > End Function
> > >
> > >
> > > ================================================
> > > Level 3
> > > Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff
> > >
> > > Inherits GeneratedStuff
> > >
> > > Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As String > > >
> > > End Function
> > >
> > >
> > > ================================================
> > > Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows > > customized
> > > changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are specific to
> a
> > > single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
> > > Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel
> > >
> > > Inherits HandCodedStuff
> > >
> > > Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As String > > >
> > > End Function
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Thanks for any advice!
> > > --
> > > Joe Fallon
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
>
>



Nov 20 '05 #28
Thanks Jay.
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in message
news:OB**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
Scott,
Looking at the dates & times, Fergus's response was about 45 minutes after
your response, So when you gave your initial response it was not yet
available. My response was about 12 hours later, so I saw both of your
responses.
question, so I'm sorry if I repeated what he said. I would not worry about it. My comments are not meant to degrade or

insult, and I attempt to avoid "static". I referenced Fergus's response as I saw his response and I did not want to duplicate the information for you. As at that point in time, you could have simply read Fergus's response.
I was just unaware that a class
member couldn't be marked as both Shared and OverRideable. A number of developers have been asking for the ability, I believe a fair
share of these developers are coming from Delphi, as I am only really

aware of Delphi has the ability. I see value it allowing it, however my concern is It raises the bar yet again of how much you really need to know to be an
effective .NET programmer. As oppose to "being little kids" and either
avoiding the features of .NET or abusing the features. Because they either
don't understand the feature or you don't know the feature exists. Or worse, "we did it this way in VB6, so obviously we can do it the sam way in
VB.NET".

I have not seen anything in the road map that would suggest we are getting
it in VS.NET 2004.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:%2***************@TK2MSFTNGP12.phx.gbl...
Thanks Jay. I am aware of how OverRides and Shadows work (which is why I
suggested Shared in my second reply). I was just unaware that a class
member couldn't be marked as both Shared and OverRideable.

As for the rest of the bickerring in this thread, let me just say that I
don't see anything from Fergus on Shadows prior to my reply to Joe's
question, so I'm sorry if I repeated what he said.
"Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in message
news:O2****************@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
Scott,
As Fergus stated, he wrote up a little something on Shadows.

The problem is that Shadows does not Override functionality. Shadows Hides functionality.

If you used Shadows and referred to the base class you will get the base class functionality. The way I read Joe's comments, he wants to
override the
base class functionality, in that he could refer to the base class and see the replaced functionality.

Don't get me wrong you can use Shadows in a situation like this, and
in some
ways its the "easiest" thing to use in Joe's case. However just be certain you know what Shadows is giving you & not giving you.

For a sample of how to use Overrides in Joe's case, see my other long post to this thread.

Hope this helps
Jay

"Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
news:Oo**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> What about Shadows then?
>
>
> "Jay B. Harlow [MVP - Outlook]" <Ja********@email.msn.com> wrote in
message
> news:ut**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> > Scott,
> > Overrides & Shared are incompatible. You can only override Overridable > > methods. Overridable methods cannot be Shared.
> >
> > Hope this helps
> > Jay
> >
> > "Scott M." <s-***@badspamsnet.net> wrote in message
> > news:uv*************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> > > I would think that in the 4th class if you wanted to use the shared > > methods
> > > from classes 1-3, you would say "myBase.method" and in the 4th class you
> > > could define an Overrides method that overrides the shared
method in the
> > > base class.
> > >
> > >
> > > "Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
> > > news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
> > > > 1. I have a Base class that has a certain amount of functionality. > > > > 2. Then I have a CodeSmith generated class that inherits from the Base
> > > class
> > > > and adds functionality.
> > > > 3. Since I want to be able to re-generate the classes on level
2
I > have
> > a
> > > > 3rd level that inherits from them and implements specific hand

coded
> > > > methods.
> > > > 4. My colleague asked me to create a 4th level class that inherits the
> > 3rd
> > > > level class so he can write custom functionality that
overrides the
> > > "plain"
> > > > functionality at all levels above it.
> > > >
> > > > I have 1-3 implemented as Shared methods.
> > > > To me, this enables simpler UI code.
> > > >
> > > > For example:
> > > > strSQL = Level3ClassName.Select
> > > >
> > > > In this way I do not need to instantiate an instance of the class
I
> just
> > > use
> > > > the shared methods in levels 1-3.
> > > >
> > > > ================================================== =========
> > > > My problem (other than being new and not really understanding

this > well
> > > > enough yet <g> )
> > > > is I don't know how to implement Level 4 in a way that allows
me to
> use
> > > > Shared methods in levels1-3 and yet Override them in Level 4.
> > > >
> > > > Is it not possible?
> > > > ================================================== ============
> > > >
> > > > If I have to change Levels 1-3 what would you recommend?
> > > >
> > > > ================================================
> > > >
> > > > Sample code:
> > > >
> > > > Level 1
> > > > Public MustInherit Class Base
> > > >
> > > > Public Shared Function DoSomething(ByVal Source As String) As

String
> > > >
> > > > End Function
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ================================================
> > > > Level 2
> > > > Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
> > > >
> > > > Inherits Base
> > > >
> > > > Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String)

As > String
> > > >
> > > > End Function
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ================================================
> > > > Level 3
> > > > Public MustInherit Class HandCodedStuff
> > > >
> > > > Inherits GeneratedStuff
> > > >
> > > > Public Shared Function IWroteThis(ByVal Source As String) As

String
> > > >
> > > > End Function
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ================================================
> > > > Level 4 (implements same functionality as Level 3 but also allows > > > customized
> > > > changes by overriding methods or creating new ones that are

specific
> to
> > a
> > > > single client. Level 3 functionality is for all clients.)
> > > > Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel
> > > >
> > > > Inherits HandCodedStuff
> > > >
> > > > Overrides Function DoSomethingElse(ByVal Source As String) As

String
> > > >
> > > > End Function
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Thanks for any advice!
> > > > --
> > > > Joe Fallon
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
>
>



Nov 20 '05 #29
No problem Fergus. Thanks.
"Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> wrote in message
news:eq****************@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
Hi Scott,

I think the apologies are mine. My message reads terribly on second look. I meant to say that the answer to your question was yes and that there was
more information in my other post. The ignoring idea crept in and the wording turned out badly. Sorry about that.

Regards,
Fergus

Nov 20 '05 #30
I just got back from a business trip and this is the first chance I have had
to look at this thread.

I would like to thank all of you for providing me with so much information.

I won' t be able to test it for a few days but I am leaning towards the use
of Shadows right now.
It may be good enough but I am not 100% sure.

I do have a Singleton class so I am familiar with that concept.
(I use it for Read/Write app settings.)

I am looking for a way to use the Shared methods and still give my co-worker
the ability to get a custom behavior in the 4th level. (We would "never"
call directly into levels 1,2 3.)

I am sure I will be back with more questions!
Thanks again for the spirited discussion.
--
Joe Fallon
"Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> wrote in message
news:e0**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
Hi Joe,

If you want to keep your methods as Shared then you can't use Overrides in Level 4. Overrideable and Overrides are only available with object methods, so that would be goodbye to your Shared..

There is, however, the option of using Shadows. In FinalLevel,
Shadows Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
will make the name DoSomethingElse available to users of that class.

If you were doing this using object methods and Overrides, you would call the base class method using MyBase.SameMethod as Scott pointed out.

With Shared methods the equivalent is simply to use the name of the base class.

So you could have:
'Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
Inherits Base
Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
End Function
End Class

'Level 4
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel_Client1
Inherits HandCodedStuff
Shadows Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
GeneratedStuff.DoSomethingElse(...) 'If necessary:
'Do Client1's something else.
End Function
End Class

'Ditto for Client2, etc.

Regards,
Fergus

Nov 20 '05 #31
Initial testing shows that Shadows does what I am looking for!

In my 4th level class I can opt to "do nothing" in which case I get the
standard functions available in the 3 levels above it. But if I want to
replace specific functionality with "custom" code I can use syntax like
this:

Public Shared Shadows Function DoSomething() As String
Return "Custom String"

End Function

I think this will work for me.
So thanks again to all for their input!
--
Joe Fallon

"Joe Fallon" <jf******@nospamtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:%2****************@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
I just got back from a business trip and this is the first chance I have had to look at this thread.

I would like to thank all of you for providing me with so much information.
I won' t be able to test it for a few days but I am leaning towards the use of Shadows right now.
It may be good enough but I am not 100% sure.

I do have a Singleton class so I am familiar with that concept.
(I use it for Read/Write app settings.)

I am looking for a way to use the Shared methods and still give my co-worker the ability to get a custom behavior in the 4th level. (We would "never"
call directly into levels 1,2 3.)

I am sure I will be back with more questions!
Thanks again for the spirited discussion.
--
Joe Fallon
"Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> wrote in message
news:e0**************@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
Hi Joe,

If you want to keep your methods as Shared then you can't use

Overrides in
Level 4. Overrideable and Overrides are only available with object

methods, so
that would be goodbye to your Shared..

There is, however, the option of using Shadows. In FinalLevel,
Shadows Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
will make the name DoSomethingElse available to users of that class.

If you were doing this using object methods and Overrides, you would

call
the base class method using MyBase.SameMethod as Scott pointed out.

With Shared methods the equivalent is simply to use the name of the

base
class.

So you could have:
'Level 2
Public MustInherit Class GeneratedStuff
Inherits Base
Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String
End Function
End Class

'Level 4
Public MustInherit Class FinalLevel_Client1
Inherits HandCodedStuff
Shadows Public Shared Function DoSomethingElse(...) As String GeneratedStuff.DoSomethingElse(...) 'If necessary:
'Do Client1's something else.
End Function
End Class

'Ditto for Client2, etc.

Regards,
Fergus


Nov 20 '05 #32
;-))
Nov 20 '05 #33
Fergus,

Please see the thread entitled "Ole Container" and if you have input please
help.....

"Fergus Cooney" <fi*****@post.com> wrote in message
news:OY**************@TK2MSFTNGP12.phx.gbl...
;-))

Nov 20 '05 #34

This thread has been closed and replies have been disabled. Please start a new discussion.

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I am compiling the following code, main.cpp, as follows: gcc main.cpp I get the following compile error: main.cpp: In function `int main()': main.cpp:28: no matching function for call to...
0
by: DolphinDB | last post by:
Tired of spending countless mintues downsampling your data? Look no further! In this article, you’ll learn how to efficiently downsample 6.48 billion high-frequency records to 61 million...
0
by: ryjfgjl | last post by:
ExcelToDatabase: batch import excel into database automatically...
0
isladogs
by: isladogs | last post by:
The next Access Europe meeting will be on Wednesday 6 Mar 2024 starting at 18:00 UK time (6PM UTC) and finishing at about 19:15 (7.15PM). In this month's session, we are pleased to welcome back...
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by: jfyes | last post by:
As a hardware engineer, after seeing that CEIWEI recently released a new tool for Modbus RTU Over TCP/UDP filtering and monitoring, I actively went to its official website to take a look. It turned...
0
by: ArrayDB | last post by:
The error message I've encountered is; ERROR:root:Error generating model response: exception: access violation writing 0x0000000000005140, which seems to be indicative of an access violation...
1
by: CloudSolutions | last post by:
Introduction: For many beginners and individual users, requiring a credit card and email registration may pose a barrier when starting to use cloud servers. However, some cloud server providers now...
1
by: Defcon1945 | last post by:
I'm trying to learn Python using Pycharm but import shutil doesn't work
1
by: Shællîpôpï 09 | last post by:
If u are using a keypad phone, how do u turn on JavaScript, to access features like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram....
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by: Faith0G | last post by:
I am starting a new it consulting business and it's been a while since I setup a new website. Is wordpress still the best web based software for hosting a 5 page website? The webpages will be...

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