questions about functions inside a function

[fdu.xiaojf]

I want to create a list of function.

Here is my code:
In [9]: a = []

In [10]: for i in range(4):
....: b = lambda : i**2
....: a.append(b)
....:
....:

In [11]: for f in a:
....: f()
....:
....:
9
9
9
9

What I want is, the value of i should be bounded to the anonymous function.
And the output should like this:

for f in a:
print f()
0
1
4
9

How to achieve this?

Thanks a lot!

[Duncan Booth]

"fd********@gmail.com" <fd********@gmail.comwrote:

What I want is, the value of i should be bounded to the anonymous
function. And the output should like this:

for f in a:
print f()
0
1
4
9

How to achieve this?

Use default arguments when defining your function: default arguments are
evaluated when the function is defined, bound arguments get the current
value of the variable at the point when it is referenced during the call.

Also, since you give your function a name anyway ('b') you might as well
use a named function as being clearer than using lambda:

>>a = []
for i in range(4):

def b(i=i):
return i**2
a.append(b)

>>for f in a:

f()
0
1
4
9

>>>

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

fd********@gmail.com a écrit :

I want to create a list of function.

Here is my code:
In [9]: a = []

In [10]: for i in range(4):
....: b = lambda : i**2
....: a.append(b)
....:
....:

In [11]: for f in a:
....: f()
....:
....:
9
9
9
9

What I want is, the value of i should be bounded to the anonymous
function. And the output should like this:

for f in a:
print f()
0
1
4
9

How to achieve this?

>>a = [lambda i=i:i**2 for i in range(4)]
for f in a:

.... print f()
....
0
1
4
9

>>>

HTH

[attn.steven.kuo]

On Jul 16, 4:49 am, "[e-mail]" <[e-mail]>
wrote:

(snipped)

>
What I want is, the value of i should be bounded to the anonymous function.
And the output should like this:

for f in a:
print f()
0
1
4
9

How to achieve this?

Thanks a lot!

The functools module, in Python 2.5 allows:

>>import functools
square = lambda i: i ** 2
anon = [functools.partial(square, i) for i in range(4)]
for f in anon:

.... print f()
....

--
Hope this helps,
Steven

[Jeremy Sanders]

fd********@gmail.com wrote:

What I want is, the value of i should be bounded to the anonymous
function. And the output should like this:

....

How to achieve this?

This doesn't answer your question (others have), but another (perhaps
clearer) way to do such things is something like

class MyFunc(object):
"""A function object."""
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val

def __call__(self):
"""Return value squared"""
return self.val**2

a = []
for i in range(4):
a.append(MyFunc(i))

for f in a:
f()
Jeremy

--
Jeremy Sanders
http://www.jeremysanders.net/

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Jeremy Sanders a écrit :

fd********@gmail.com wrote:

>>What I want is, the value of i should be bounded to the anonymous
function. And the output should like this:

...

>>How to achieve this?

This doesn't answer your question (others have), but another (perhaps
clearer) way to do such things is something like

class MyFunc(object):
"""A function object."""
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val

def __call__(self):
"""Return value squared"""
return self.val**2

a = []
for i in range(4):
a.append(MyFunc(i))

for f in a:
f()

I wouldn't say it's "clearer" - at least in this concrete use case. And
it takes more than just defining the __call__ method to have a fully
function-like object (hint: try using a MyFunc instance as a method).