module wide metaclass for new style classes

[Daniel Nogradi]

I used to have the following code to collect all (old style) class
names defined in the current module to a list called reg:
def meta( reg ):
def _meta( name, bases, dictionary ):
reg.append( name )
return _meta

reg = [ ]
__metaclass__ = meta( reg )

class c1:
pass

class c2:
pass

print reg
This would correctly print [ 'c1', 'c2' ]. Now I would like to switch
to new style classes but replacing class c1: and class c2: by class
c1(object): and class c2(object): doesn't work because the metaclass
associated with object will be called and not mine. Of course if I
would add __metaclass__ = meta(reg) to all class definitions that
would work, but how do I do this on the module level?

[Gabriel Genellina]

On 16 dic, 14:44, "Daniel Nogradi" <[e-mail]:

I used to have the following code to collect all (old style) class
names defined in the current module to a list called reg:

def meta( reg ):
def _meta( name, bases, dictionary ):
reg.append( name )
return _meta

reg = [ ]
__metaclass__ = meta( reg )

class c1:
pass

class c2:
pass

print reg

This would correctly print [ 'c1', 'c2' ]. Now I would like to switch
to new style classes but replacing class c1: and class c2: by class
c1(object): and class c2(object): doesn't work because the metaclass
associated with object will be called and not mine. Of course if I
would add __metaclass__ = meta(reg) to all class definitions that
would work, but how do I do this on the module level?

That code doesn't work even for classic classes. Anyway, you don't have
to add __metaclass__ everywhere, only to the base class(es).

If all you want to register is contained in a single module, I prefer a
function that iterates over all defined classes:

from inspect import isclass
for obj in globals().values():
if isclass(obj): # may be stricter too, like issubclass(obj, Base)
reg.append(obj)

--
Gabriel Genellina

[Peter Otten]

Daniel Nogradi wrote:

I used to have the following code to collect all (old style) class
names defined in the current module to a list called reg:
def meta( reg ):
def _meta( name, bases, dictionary ):
reg.append( name )
return _meta

reg = [ ]
__metaclass__ = meta( reg )

class c1:
pass

class c2:
pass

print reg

That code does not create classes. Here's a slightly simplified version:

>reg = []

>>def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):

.... reg.append(name)
....

>>class A: pass

....

>>reg

['A']

>>A is None

True # oops!

This would correctly print [ 'c1', 'c2' ]. Now I would like to switch
to new style classes but replacing class c1: and class c2: by class
c1(object): and class c2(object): doesn't work because the metaclass
associated with object will be called and not mine. Of course if I
would add __metaclass__ = meta(reg) to all class definitions that
would work, but how do I do this on the module level?

If present, __metaclass__ serves as a factory for classes without an
explicit base class. For example,

__metaclass__ = type

would turn c1 and c2 into newstyle classes (that inherit from object).
If you want side effects you can wrap the metaclass into a function:

>>reg = []
def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):

.... reg.append(name)
.... return type(name, bases, dict)
....

>>class A: pass

....

>>class B: pass

....

>>reg

['A', 'B']

>>issubclass(A, object)

True

Peter

[Daniel Nogradi]

I used to have the following code to collect all (old style) class

names defined in the current module to a list called reg:
def meta( reg ):
def _meta( name, bases, dictionary ):
reg.append( name )
return _meta

reg = [ ]
__metaclass__ = meta( reg )

class c1:
pass

class c2:
pass

print reg

That code does not create classes. Here's a slightly simplified version:

reg = []
def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):

... reg.append(name)
...

>class A: pass

...

>reg

['A']

>A is None

True # oops!

This would correctly print [ 'c1', 'c2' ]. Now I would like to switch
to new style classes but replacing class c1: and class c2: by class
c1(object): and class c2(object): doesn't work because the metaclass
associated with object will be called and not mine. Of course if I
would add __metaclass__ = meta(reg) to all class definitions that
would work, but how do I do this on the module level?

If present, __metaclass__ serves as a factory for classes without an
explicit base class. For example,

__metaclass__ = type

would turn c1 and c2 into newstyle classes (that inherit from object).
If you want side effects you can wrap the metaclass into a function:

>reg = []
def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):

... reg.append(name)
... return type(name, bases, dict)
...

>class A: pass

...

>class B: pass

...

>reg

['A', 'B']

>issubclass(A, object)

True

Thanks a lot, and sorry for the copy-paste error, I had the 'return
type(...)' line but didn't know that this already creates new-style
classes.