Initialization of variables using no-arg constructor

[Edward Waugh]

Consider the following (working) Python code:

import sys

def sum(list):
# total = 0 does not work for non-numeric types
total = list[0].__class__()
for v in list:
total += v
return total

l = [1, 2, 3]
print sum(l)

l = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
print sum(l)

l = ["a", "b", "c"]
print sum(l)

In order for sum() to be generic I initialize total to the value of
list[0].__class__(). This works but I would like to know if this is the
correct or preferred way of doing it. It means that sum() must be given a
list whose elements are types or classes that have a no-arg constructor
(through this is probably almost always the case).

Thanks,
Edward

[Paul Rubin]

In order for sum() to be generic I initialize total to the value of

list[0].__class__(). This works but I would like to know if this is
the correct or preferred way of doing it.

More natural would be (untested):

def sum(list):
assert list # both versions fail if list is empty
total = list[0]

# could use list[1:] but this avoids copying
for i in xrange(1, len(list)):
total += list[i]

or various alternate spellings with iterators, the reduce function, etc.

This pattern is common enough that Haskell has a "foldl1" function
similar to reduce but initializing from the first element of the sequence.

[jordanrastrick]

Just to expand a little on what others have already said - not only is
the total = list[0] etc.approach more readable, idiomatic, and elegant,
IMO its more semantically correct.

Your constraint that list[0].__class__ has a no-arg constructor is not
strong enough; a more subtle and potentially bug-prone assumption youre
making is that this no-arg constructor returns an identity element
(something that when added doesnt affect your overall "total") with
respect to the addition operator. This happens to be true of summing
numbers (__class__ == 0), and concatenating strings (__class__() ==
""). But I don't think you can take this behaviour for granted from an
arbitrary class.

Edward Waugh wrote:

Consider the following (working) Python code:

import sys

def sum(list):
# total = 0 does not work for non-numeric types
total = list[0].__class__()
for v in list:
total += v
return total

l = [1, 2, 3]
print sum(l)

l = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
print sum(l)

l = ["a", "b", "c"]
print sum(l)

In order for sum() to be generic I initialize total to the value of
list[0].__class__(). This works but I would like to know if this is the
correct or preferred way of doing it. It means that sum() must be given a
list whose elements are types or classes that have a no-arg constructor
(through this is probably almost always the case).

Thanks,
Edward