Strange behaviour of 'is'

[Fijoy George]

Hi all,

I am a bit perplexed by the following behaviour of the 'is' comparator

>>x = 2.
x is 2.

False

>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

True

My understanding was that every literal is a constructure of an object.
Thus, the '2.' in 'x = 2.' and the '2.' in 'x is 2.' are different objects.
Therefore, the comparison yields false.

But my understanding does not explain the result of the second comparison.
According to the experiment, y[0] and y[1] are the same object!

Does anyone know an explanation for this?

Thank you very much
Fijoy

[Duncan Booth]

"Fijoy George" <to*****@yahoo.co.inwrote:

My understanding was that every literal is a constructure of an
object. Thus, the '2.' in 'x = 2.' and the '2.' in 'x is 2.' are
different objects. Therefore, the comparison yields false.

What gave you that idea? The compiler may or may not fold together
identical immutable objects when it compiles your code. In your first
example the comparison is False because the two lines are compiled
separately. If compiled together it might have returned True:

>>x = 2.; x is 2.

True

However this is purely an implementation detail. The language doesn't
actually require either behaviour.

[Ben C]

On 2006-09-21, Fijoy George <to*****@yahoo.co.inwrote:

Hi all,

I am a bit perplexed by the following behaviour of the 'is' comparator

>>>x = 2.
x is 2.

False

>>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

True

My understanding was that every literal is a constructure of an object.
Thus, the '2.' in 'x = 2.' and the '2.' in 'x is 2.' are different objects.
Therefore, the comparison yields false.

But my understanding does not explain the result of the second comparison.
According to the experiment, y[0] and y[1] are the same object!

I'm as baffled as you, even more so its implication:

>>a = 2.
b = 2.

>>a is b

False

>>a, b = 2., 2.
a is b

True

[Klaas]

Ben C wrote:

On 2006-09-21, Fijoy George <to*****@yahoo.co.inwrote:

But my understanding does not explain the result of the second comparison.
According to the experiment, y[0] and y[1] are the same object!

I'm as baffled as you, even more so its implication:

>a = 2.
b = 2.

>a is b

False

>a, b = 2., 2.
a is b

True

It is suprising that it is easier to recognize identical constants
within the same expression?

-Mike

[Erik Max Francis]

Ben C wrote:

I'm as baffled as you, even more so its implication:

There is no implication whatsoever. Whether immutable objects are
recycled by the compiler or not is totally implementation dependent, and
an irrelevant implementation detail. Since they can't be mutated,
whether their identity is shared with other objects in other contexts is
never significant.

--
Erik Max Francis && ma*@alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM, Y!M erikmaxfrancis
Little things / Cut like knives / Hurt and sting
-- Anggun

[Ben Finney]

"Fijoy George" <to*****@yahoo.co.inwrites:

I am a bit perplexed by the following behaviour of the 'is' comparator

In summary: you are seeing implementation details that the language
specification explicitly allows to vary by implementation.

My understanding was that every literal is a constructure of an
object. Thus, the '2.' in 'x = 2.' and the '2.' in 'x is 2.' are
different objects. Therefore, the comparison yields false.

There's no "thus" about it. Any implementation may use the same object
or different objects to represent any two values that are equal. This
allows different optimisations to be performed on different platforms,
without breaking the specified behaviour.

But my understanding does not explain the result of the second
comparison. According to the experiment, y[0] and y[1] are the same
object!

Does anyone know an explanation for this?

The explanation is:

Two objects compare *equal* if their '__eq__' method says they are. In
practice, this means their *values* are the same.

Two objects compare *identical* if the 'id()' function says they
are. In practice, this means they are the *same object*.

The relationship between "same object" and "same value" is entirely up
to the implementation to decide, by any simple or complex criteria it
chooses, and there's nothing in the specification that requires it to
be consistent at the program level. This is, among other reasons, to
allow optimisations that don't change the language specification.

No general promise is made about the relationship between those two
comparisons. Don't use them as if they were the same operation,
because the implementation isn't restricted to meet that promise.

--
\ "You know what I hate? Indian givers... no, I take that back." |
`\ -- Emo Philips |
_o__) |
Ben Finney

[Steve Holden]

Ben Finney wrote:

"Fijoy George" <to*****@yahoo.co.inwrites:

>>I am a bit perplexed by the following behaviour of the 'is' comparator

In summary: you are seeing implementation details that the language
specification explicitly allows to vary by implementation.

>>My understanding was that every literal is a constructure of an
object. Thus, the '2.' in 'x = 2.' and the '2.' in 'x is 2.' are
different objects. Therefore, the comparison yields false.

There's no "thus" about it. Any implementation may use the same object
or different objects to represent any two values that are equal. This
allows different optimisations to be performed on different platforms,
without breaking the specified behaviour.

>>But my understanding does not explain the result of the second
comparison. According to the experiment, y[0] and y[1] are the same
object!

Does anyone know an explanation for this?

The explanation is:

Two objects compare *equal* if their '__eq__' method says they are. In
practice, this means their *values* are the same.

Two objects compare *identical* if the 'id()' function says they
are. In practice, this means they are the *same object*.

The relationship between "same object" and "same value" is entirely up
to the implementation to decide, by any simple or complex criteria it
chooses, and there's nothing in the specification that requires it to
be consistent at the program level. This is, among other reasons, to
allow optimisations that don't change the language specification.

No general promise is made about the relationship between those two
comparisons. Don't use them as if they were the same operation,
because the implementation isn't restricted to meet that promise.

Absolutely correct. It would be more interesting to discuss how the
output from these statements varied between (say) CPython, Jython and
Iron Python. At the moment the discussion is indeed about insignificant
implementation trivia.

regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden [phone] [phone]
Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden

[Duncan Booth]

Steve Holden <st***@holdenweb.comwrote:

Absolutely correct. It would be more interesting to discuss how the
output from these statements varied between (say) CPython, Jython and
Iron Python. At the moment the discussion is indeed about insignificant
implementation trivia.

CPython seems to collapse identical float values if they are in the same
compilation unit:

>>x = 2.
y = 2.
x is y

False

>>x = 2.; y = 2.
x is y

True

>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

True

IronPython doesn't collapse them even when they are in expression:

IronPython 1.0.60816 on .NET 2.0.50727.42
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

>>x = 2.
y = 2.
x is y

False

>>x = 2.; y = 2.
x is y

False

>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

False

JPython seems to behave in a similar manner to CPython:

Python command console - JPython 2.1

>>x = 2.
y = 2.
x is y

0

>>x = 2.; y = 2.
x is y

1

>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

1

>>>

Sorry, I don't have a more recent Jython implementation to hand to complete
the comparison.

[Steve Holden]

Duncan Booth wrote:

Steve Holden <st***@holdenweb.comwrote:

>>Absolutely correct. It would be more interesting to discuss how the
output from these statements varied between (say) CPython, Jython and
Iron Python. At the moment the discussion is indeed about insignificant
implementation trivia.

CPython seems to collapse identical float values if they are in the same
compilation unit:

>>>>x = 2.
y = 2.
x is y

False

>>>>x = 2.; y = 2.
x is y

True

>>>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

True

IronPython doesn't collapse them even when they are in expression:

IronPython 1.0.60816 on .NET 2.0.50727.42
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

>>>>x = 2.
y = 2.
x is y

False

>>>>x = 2.; y = 2.
x is y

False

>>>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

False

JPython seems to behave in a similar manner to CPython:

Python command console - JPython 2.1

>>>>x = 2.
y = 2.
x is y

0

>>>>x = 2.; y = 2.
x is y

1

>>>>y = [2., 2.]
y[0] is y[1]

1

Sorry, I don't have a more recent Jython implementation to hand to complete
the comparison.

Perfectly all right: you make the point very well that the behavior is
an implementation artifact and not a language feature.

regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden [phone] [phone]
Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden

[Ben Finney]

Steve Holden <st***@holdenweb.comwrites:

Perfectly all right: you make the point very well that the behavior is
an implementation artifact and not a language feature.

And for those who may be thinking "oh, so I can at least depend on the
behaviour within a particular implementation", that's wrong too:
implementations are free to (and most will) change that behaviour from
one object or assignment to the next, depending on what optimisation
choices are made.

--
\ "He who allows oppression, shares the crime." -- Erasmus |
`\ Darwin, grandfather of Charles Darwin |
_o__) |
Ben Finney