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How to build extensions on Windows?

I've written a simple Python extension for UNIX, but I need to get it
working on Windows now. I'm having some difficulties figuring out how
to do this. I've seen web pages that say that MS Visual Studio is
required, and other that say that's not true, that MinGW will work.
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.

--
Kevin D. Smith

Sep 7 '06 #1
26 2120
Kevin D. Smith <Ke*********@sas.comwrote:
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.
I managed to set up a compilation toolchain in Windows following that
tutorial so what's your problem?

I installed MS .NET 1.1 and its SDK, the Platform SDK for Windows 2003
sever and the mstoolkit (you have to borrow it from somewhere because
it's not available anymore)
Then I hacked distutils and all worked well.

The only issue is to find the MS Toolkit 2003...

--
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier
Sep 7 '06 #2
Kevin D Smith enlightened us with:
I've written a simple Python extension for UNIX, but I need to get
it working on Windows now. I'm having some difficulties figuring
out how to do this.
I had to do the same, and I didn't get much result. My solution:
install Cygwin, use the Python that comes with that, and use gcc just
like you're used to. Works like a charm, but the compiled extension is
incompatible with the regular Windows Pythons from python.org and
ActiveState.

Sybren
--
Sybren Stüvel
Stüvel IT - http://www.stuvel.eu/
Sep 7 '06 #3
On 2006-09-07 09:28:42 -0400, rh****@myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede) said:
Kevin D. Smith <Ke*********@sas.comwrote:
>Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.

I managed to set up a compilation toolchain in Windows following that
tutorial so what's your problem?

I installed MS .NET 1.1 and its SDK, the Platform SDK for Windows 2003
sever and the mstoolkit (you have to borrow it from somewhere because
it's not available anymore)
Then I hacked distutils and all worked well.

The only issue is to find the MS Toolkit 2003...

So in other words, what you're saying is that the only issue I have
left is the exact issue that I described in my initial post that you
claimed isn't a problem... Great! I guess I'l get right down to work
compiling that extension now.

--
Kevin D. Smith

Sep 7 '06 #4
Kevin D. Smith <Ke*********@sas.comwrote:
So in other words, what you're saying is that the only issue I have
left is the exact issue that I described in my initial post that you
claimed isn't a problem... Great! I guess I'l get right down to work
compiling that extension now.
What I mean is that you have to find a way to get the toolkit. I don't
think MS will sue you if you borrow the compiler from a friend or
"download" it. Otherwise you can try with MingW I guess...

--
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier
Sep 7 '06 #5
Kevin D. Smith wrote:
I've written a simple Python extension for UNIX, but I need to get it
working on Windows now. I'm having some difficulties figuring out how
to do this. I've seen web pages that say that MS Visual Studio is
required, and other that say that's not true, that MinGW will work.
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.

--
Kevin D. Smith
I don't know about MinGW, but you can get the Microsoft compilers by
installing Visual C++ 2005 Express. I'm guessing the old toolkit is
deprecated. While you must register each Visual Studio Express module
that you download, I don't think the actual command-line tools are
encumbered.

Why not try it out and let us know how it goes?

(Visual Studio 2005 Express:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/express/)

--Jason

Sep 7 '06 #6
Kevin D. Smith wrote:
I've written a simple Python extension for UNIX, but I need to get it
working on Windows now. I'm having some difficulties figuring out how
to do this. I've seen web pages that say that MS Visual Studio is
required, and other that say that's not true, that MinGW will work.
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.
There is an easy way to build Python extensions on Windows with MinGW
and it works fine for me. Just follow these steps:
1. Get MinGW gcc and/or g++, preferably via MinGW installer from [1].
You may have to restart your computer or manually edit PATH system
environment variable to include MinGW's bin directory (default is
c:\mingw\bin). Then check if it is there by typing `path` in the cmd
window.

2. Get pexports-0.42h.zip from [2] and extract pexports.exe file

3. Prepare MinGW compatible .a library file
pexports.exe c:\WINDOWS\system32\python24.dll python24.def
c:\mingw\bin\dlltool.exe --dllname python24.dll --def python24.def
--output-lib libpython24.a

4. Place the new libpython24.a file in the Python's libs directory (but
not in the Lib dir), default is c:\python24\libs

5. Build your extension by executing your setup script with
`--compiler=mingw32` parameter.
python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32

Additionally you may wish to put a distutils.cfg file in the
c:\python\lib\distutils dir containing following entries:
[build]
compiler = mingw32

This will tell the distutils script to use MinGW compiler by default
when executing `python setup.py build` command.

best,
fw

[1] http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/
[2] http://starship.python.net/crew/kern...orts-0.42h.zip

Sep 7 '06 #7
Jason <te***********@gmail.comwrote:
I don't know about MinGW, but you can get the Microsoft compilers by
installing Visual C++ 2005 Express. I'm guessing the old toolkit is
deprecated. While you must register each Visual Studio Express module
that you download, I don't think the actual command-line tools are
encumbered.

Why not try it out and let us know how it goes?

(Visual Studio 2005 Express:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/express/)
Because you can't use it to distribute extensions. Python is compiled
against the 2003 version and distutils will simply don't let you compile
with the 2005 version. If you manage to hack distutils to use the 2005
anyway it won't work for sure outside your home box.

--
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier
Sep 7 '06 #8
1. Get MinGW gcc and/or g++, preferably via MinGW installer from [1].
You may have to restart your computer or manually edit PATH system
environment variable to include MinGW's bin directory (default is
c:\mingw\bin). Then check if it is there by typing `path` in the cmd
window.
1a. [Optional] Install MSYS, also from [1]. If your extension relies on
another C library, this may make it easier to compile that library.
>
2. Get pexports-0.42h.zip from [2] and extract pexports.exe file

3. Prepare MinGW compatible .a library file
pexports.exe c:\WINDOWS\system32\python24.dll python24.def
c:\mingw\bin\dlltool.exe --dllname python24.dll --def python24.def
--output-lib libpython24.a

4. Place the new libpython24.a file in the Python's libs directory (but
not in the Lib dir), default is c:\python24\libs
I believe steps 2 through 4 are only required for Python 2.3 or
earlier. I have not needed to do those steps for Python 2.4 and 2.5.
>
5. Build your extension by executing your setup script with
`--compiler=mingw32` parameter.
python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32

Additionally you may wish to put a distutils.cfg file in the
c:\python\lib\distutils dir containing following entries:
[build]
compiler = mingw32

This will tell the distutils script to use MinGW compiler by default
when executing `python setup.py build` command.

best,
fw

[1] http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/
[2] http://starship.python.net/crew/kern...orts-0.42h.zip
Sep 7 '06 #9
Filip Wasilewski napisa³(a):
There is an easy way to build Python extensions on Windows with MinGW
and it works fine for me. Just follow these steps:
It was brougt to my attention that mingw-compiled extensions for Python
2.4 use other malloc() that Python 2.4, is it true? Can this have any
impact on stability?

--
Jarek Zgoda
http://jpa.berlios.de
Sep 7 '06 #10
Jarek Zgoda wrote:
Filip Wasilewski napisa³(a):
There is an easy way to build Python extensions on Windows with MinGW
and it works fine for me. Just follow these steps:

It was brougt to my attention that mingw-compiled extensions for Python
2.4 use other malloc() that Python 2.4, is it true? Can this have any
impact on stability?
I have inspected the dll dependencies for python24.dll (ActiveState
build, but I think this is also true for regular one) and my custom
extensions built with MinGW and both of them use malloc() from
msvcr71.dll. I think that as long as the extensions are linked against
proper version of msvcr (7.1) there should not be such surprises.

Other thing is that Python uses it's own memory allocator [1] and to
avoid problems with memory corruption one should not try to allocate
memory with PyMem_Malloc() and free it with free() and so forth.

cheers,
fw

[1] http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.3/api/memoryOverview.html

Sep 7 '06 #11
Kevin D. Smith schrieb:
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.
If all else fails, buy a copy of Visual Studio 2003. They are available
fairly cheap at Ebay.

Regards,
Martin
Sep 9 '06 #12
On 2006-09-07 13:20:13 -0400, "Jason" <te***********@gmail.comsaid:
I don't know about MinGW, but you can get the Microsoft compilers by
installing Visual C++ 2005 Express. I'm guessing the old toolkit is
deprecated. While you must register each Visual Studio Express module
that you download, I don't think the actual command-line tools are
encumbered.

Why not try it out and let us know how it goes?

(Visual Studio 2005 Express:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/express/)
This almost worked (at least, it appears to). I got the module to
build and install using VS 2005. It works fine if I run python from
the directory where I built the extension. However, if you go to any
other directory, run python, and try to import the module, I get the
following error:

ImportError: dynamic module does not define init function (initsasSQL)

Why would it work from one directory, but not another?

--
Kevin D. Smith

Sep 13 '06 #13
Kevin D.Smith wrote:
This almost worked (at least, it appears to). I got the module to
build and install using VS 2005. It works fine if I run python from
the directory where I built the extension. However, if you go to any
other directory, run python, and try to import the module, I get the
following error:

ImportError: dynamic module does not define init function (initsasSQL)

Why would it work from one directory, but not another?
do you perhaps have a different "sassql.dll" file in your Python path?

(Python's standard import mechanism looks for PYD, DLL, PY, PYW, and
PYC, in that order.)

</F>

Sep 13 '06 #14

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
Kevin D.Smith wrote:
This almost worked (at least, it appears to). I got the module to
build and install using VS 2005. It works fine if I run python from
the directory where I built the extension. However, if you go to any
other directory, run python, and try to import the module, I get the
following error:

ImportError: dynamic module does not define init function (initsasSQL)

Why would it work from one directory, but not another?

do you perhaps have a different "sassql.dll" file in your Python path?

(Python's standard import mechanism looks for PYD, DLL, PY, PYW, and
PYC, in that order.)
Any support for the radical notion of the error message giving the full
path of the file that it's complaining about? If so, I'll lob in an
enhancement request in the morning ...

Cheers,
John

Sep 13 '06 #15
John Machin wrote:
Any support for the radical notion of the error message giving the full
path of the file that it's complaining about? If so, I'll lob in an
enhancement request in the morning ...
there's always "python -vv", of course.

</F>

Sep 13 '06 #16
John Machin schrieb:
Any support for the radical notion of the error message giving the full
path of the file that it's complaining about? If so, I'll lob in an
enhancement request in the morning ...
A patch would be appreciated much more so.

Regards,
Martin
Sep 13 '06 #17

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
John Machin wrote:
Any support for the radical notion of the error message giving the full
path of the file that it's complaining about? If so, I'll lob in an
enhancement request in the morning ...

there's always "python -vv", of course.
Thank you; I wasn't aware of that. Given that (as at 2.4.3) searching
the .chm docs for "interpreter", "command", and "option" don't yield
any pointers to the interpreter command line options, and given that
python -h gives no clue:
"""
-u : unbuffered binary stdout and stderr (also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x)
see man page for details on internal buffering relating to
'-u'
-v : verbose (trace import statements) (also PYTHONVERBOSE=x)
-V : print the Python version number and exit
-W arg : warning control (arg is action:message:category:module:lineno)
"""

could you please explain "of course"? I'm not sure how the general
populace could have known, apart from vague recollections of some Unix
utilities using a -v, -vv, -vvv etc convention.

TIA,
John

Sep 13 '06 #18

Martin v. Löwis wrote:
Kevin D. Smith schrieb:
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.

If all else fails, buy a copy of Visual Studio 2003. They are available
fairly cheap at Ebay.
For some value of 'cheap'. They seem to go for about £100 on ebay in
the UK. :-(

More interestingly, someone reported on Python-dev recently a speed
improvement of around 30% (from memory) by compiling with VC 8. I know
the grumble (almost certainly correctly) about Microsoft's 'odd'
interpretation of the C standards in VC 8, but it looks like there are
major benefits to switching...

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml
Regards,
Martin
Sep 13 '06 #19
Martin v. Löwis wrote:
John Machin schrieb:
Any support for the radical notion of the error message giving the full
path of the file that it's complaining about? If so, I'll lob in an
enhancement request in the morning ...

A patch would be appreciated much more so.
Hi Martin, I do hope you don't regret opening Pandora's box :-)

Does the following look about right?
I was somewhat bemused by the limit of 200 bytes on the module name in
the error message-- I woild have thought about 20 was more appropriate.
Sorry but I can't test this (Windows box, don't have whatever version
of C compiler is necessary to compile Python).

Cheers,
John
8<---
--- Python/importdl.c.orig 2006-09-14 09:53:59.984375000 +1000
+++ Python/importdl.c 2006-09-14 09:55:53.625000000 +1000
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
return NULL;
if (p == NULL) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,
- "dynamic module does not define init function
(init%.200s)",
- shortname);
+ "dynamic module (%s) does not define init function
(init%.200s)",
+ pathname, shortname);
return NULL;
}
oldcontext = _Py_PackageContext;
8<---

Sep 14 '06 #20
Fuzzyman schrieb:
More interestingly, someone reported on Python-dev recently a speed
improvement of around 30% (from memory) by compiling with VC 8. I know
the grumble (almost certainly correctly) about Microsoft's 'odd'
interpretation of the C standards in VC 8, but it looks like there are
major benefits to switching...
You may or may not know that it is futile arguing about compiler
switching for released versions of Python, i.e. 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5.
Whether or not it might be a good idea: it can't be done, for
compatibility with prior releases.

Regards,
Martin
Sep 14 '06 #21
John Machin schrieb:
Hi Martin, I do hope you don't regret opening Pandora's box :-)

Does the following look about right?
Technically, yes. I wonder whether it will generate unreadable error
messages, though (one would have to try).
I was somewhat bemused by the limit of 200 bytes on the module name in
the error message-- I woild have thought about 20 was more appropriate.
Sorry but I can't test this (Windows box, don't have whatever version
of C compiler is necessary to compile Python).
I'm not sure where this limit comes from, either. This would need to
be researched to find out whether it is just nonsensical, or, if
there is a rationale for it, whether it applies to the path name as
well.

Regards,
Martin
Sep 14 '06 #22

Martin v. Löwis wrote:
Fuzzyman schrieb:
More interestingly, someone reported on Python-dev recently a speed
improvement of around 30% (from memory) by compiling with VC 8. I know
the grumble (almost certainly correctly) about Microsoft's 'odd'
interpretation of the C standards in VC 8, but it looks like there are
major benefits to switching...

You may or may not know that it is futile arguing about compiler
switching for released versions of Python, i.e. 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5.
Whether or not it might be a good idea: it can't be done, for
compatibility with prior releases.
Of course, but Python development continues... Into the future..

Fuzzyma
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml

Regards,
Martin
Sep 14 '06 #23
Fuzzyman schrieb:
>You may or may not know that it is futile arguing about compiler
switching for released versions of Python, i.e. 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5.
Whether or not it might be a good idea: it can't be done, for
compatibility with prior releases.

Of course, but Python development continues... Into the future..
It's clear that Python can't stay as VS 2003 forever. I don't
know what Microsoft's product plans are, but I hope that we
could skip VS 2005 entirely, and move to VS 2007 for Python 2.6.
That, of course, assumes that there is a VS 2007 release
sufficiently before Python 2.6.

Regards,
Martin
Sep 14 '06 #24
"Martin v. Löwis" <ma****@v.loewis.dewrote:
That, of course, assumes that there is a VS 2007 release
sufficiently before Python 2.6.
I just spoke with an MVP for .NET (so nothing official obviously) and he
told me the next VS version will ship after Windows Vista for sure and
that (he mentioned the actual alpha status of the available components)
will be likely in the second half of the year or maybe later.

Anyway after the release of Vista we will all know something more I
guess.

HTH

--
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier
Sep 14 '06 #25

Kevin D. Smith wrote:
I've written a simple Python extension for UNIX, but I need to get it
working on Windows now. I'm having some difficulties figuring out how
to do this. I've seen web pages that say that MS Visual Studio is
required, and other that say that's not true, that MinGW will work.
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.

--
Kevin D. Smith
Borland released a free version of their C++ compiler and IDE on 9/4,
coinciding with my need to move my GeoTrans extension from Linux to
Windows. I didn't need the IDE for the project, since my
GeoTransMethodsSetup.py script from Linux worked fine, running it with
the command line argument "--compiler=bcpp". Add paths to the include
directories and library directories.

The biggest headache was a bunch of nonsense linker error messages,
which turned out to be because I had made the mistake of installing the
compiler under "Program Files", and setup does not behave well with
spaces in the path name. As a quick work-around, I used the DOS 8.3
filename. Next time I will install Borland in a path with no spaces in
the name. So, I was able to use a state-of-the-art compiler, rather
than work with an obsolete version of some compiler relic.

from distutils.core import setup, Extension
GeoTransMethods = Extension('GeoTransMethods',
include_dirs = ['C:\python24\include'],
library_dirs = [
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\release",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\obj",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\PSDK",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\Indy9"],
sources = ["GeoTransMethods.c", "mgrs.c", "utm.c", "ups.c",
"tranmerc.c", "polarst.c"])

setup(name="GeoTransMethods", version="1.0",
ext_modules=[GeoTransMethods])

Sep 15 '06 #26

mi**************@gmail.com wrote:
Kevin D. Smith wrote:
I've written a simple Python extension for UNIX, but I need to get it
working on Windows now. I'm having some difficulties figuring out how
to do this. I've seen web pages that say that MS Visual Studio is
required, and other that say that's not true, that MinGW will work.
Then there is Mike Fletcher's web page
(http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/mstoolkit/) that describes in
detail how to build extensions, but most of the links to external
software are no longer valid. I think it's safe to say that I am
completely lost, as there appears to be no authoritative, up-to-date
description on how to make this work.

--
Kevin D. Smith

Borland released a free version of their C++ compiler and IDE on 9/4,
coinciding with my need to move my GeoTrans extension from Linux to
Windows. I didn't need the IDE for the project, since my
GeoTransMethodsSetup.py script from Linux worked fine, running it with
the command line argument "--compiler=bcpp". Add paths to the include
directories and library directories.

The biggest headache was a bunch of nonsense linker error messages,
which turned out to be because I had made the mistake of installing the
compiler under "Program Files", and setup does not behave well with
spaces in the path name. As a quick work-around, I used the DOS 8.3
filename. Next time I will install Borland in a path with no spaces in
the name. So, I was able to use a state-of-the-art compiler, rather
than work with an obsolete version of some compiler relic.

from distutils.core import setup, Extension
GeoTransMethods = Extension('GeoTransMethods',
include_dirs = ['C:\python24\include'],
library_dirs = [
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\release",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\obj",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\PSDK",
r"C:\PROGRA~1\Borland\BDS\4.0\lib\Indy9"],
sources = ["GeoTransMethods.c", "mgrs.c", "utm.c", "ups.c",
"tranmerc.c", "polarst.c"])

setup(name="GeoTransMethods", version="1.0",
ext_modules=[GeoTransMethods])
I neglected to mention another detail. There are a number of postings
around regarding earlier Borland compilers. There is a brief overview
at http://docs.python.org/inst/tweak-flags.html
It mentions the necessity of converting the object file format (COFF)
of python libraries built with Visual C++ to Borland's OMF object file
format. You need to download coff2omf and run it to make
Borland-linkable copies of python24.lib and any other VC++ built libs,
such as zlib:

coff2omf python24.lib python24_bcpp.lib

Distutils run with the bccp compiler option will look for _bccp
versions and use them before attempting to use the VC++ versions.

Sep 15 '06 #27

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4
by: M.-A. Lemburg | last post by:
Hi Robin, On 2008-10-23 17:55, Robin Becker wrote: That looks like a classical name clash between C header files. It also suggests that you have 64-bit client libs of MySQL installed. As...
0
by: ryjfgjl | last post by:
ExcelToDatabase: batch import excel into database automatically...
1
isladogs
by: isladogs | last post by:
The next Access Europe meeting will be on Wednesday 6 Mar 2024 starting at 18:00 UK time (6PM UTC) and finishing at about 19:15 (7.15PM). In this month's session, we are pleased to welcome back...
0
by: Vimpel783 | last post by:
Hello! Guys, I found this code on the Internet, but I need to modify it a little. It works well, the problem is this: Data is sent from only one cell, in this case B5, but it is necessary that data...
0
by: ArrayDB | last post by:
The error message I've encountered is; ERROR:root:Error generating model response: exception: access violation writing 0x0000000000005140, which seems to be indicative of an access violation...
1
by: CloudSolutions | last post by:
Introduction: For many beginners and individual users, requiring a credit card and email registration may pose a barrier when starting to use cloud servers. However, some cloud server providers now...
1
by: Defcon1945 | last post by:
I'm trying to learn Python using Pycharm but import shutil doesn't work
1
by: Shællîpôpï 09 | last post by:
If u are using a keypad phone, how do u turn on JavaScript, to access features like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram....
0
by: Faith0G | last post by:
I am starting a new it consulting business and it's been a while since I setup a new website. Is wordpress still the best web based software for hosting a 5 page website? The webpages will be...
0
isladogs
by: isladogs | last post by:
The next Access Europe User Group meeting will be on Wednesday 3 Apr 2024 starting at 18:00 UK time (6PM UTC+1) and finishing by 19:30 (7.30PM). In this session, we are pleased to welcome former...

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