[Novice] Default argument value in function definition

[Tito]

From the Python's tutorial, about default argument values:

<quote>
The default value is evaluated only once. This makes a difference when the
default is a mutable object such as a list, dictionary, or instances of most
classes. For example, the following function accumulates the arguments
passed to it on subsequent calls:
def f(a, L=[]):
L.append(a)
return L

print f(1)
print f(2)
print f(3)

This will print
[1]
[1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]

If you don't want the default to be shared between subsequent calls, you can
write the function like this instead:
def f(a, L=None):
if L is None:
L = []
L.append(a)
return L
</quote>

I can't imagine how subsequent calls to f can share the same value for L.
The tutorial says that a new symbol table for the variables inside of the
function is created each time the function is called, and I would say the
symbol table is destructed when the function finishes execution.

How is the value of L conserved between funtion calls?
Can someone explain the mechanism to me?

Thanks,
Tito

[Larry Bates]

Default values that are mutable types are evaluated
at definition time not execution time. That means
L is set to empty list when Python parses function
and it lives outside the function definition. It
is rather 'different' but I can assure you that is
how it works and it can sometimes bite programmers
new to Python that overlook the docs you refer to.

HTH,
Larry Bates
Syscon, Inc.
"Tito" <ti***************************@inicia.es> wrote in message
news:2l************@uni-berlin.de...

From the Python's tutorial, about default argument values:

<quote>
The default value is evaluated only once. This makes a difference when the
default is a mutable object such as a list, dictionary, or instances of most classes. For example, the following function accumulates the arguments
passed to it on subsequent calls:
def f(a, L=[]):
L.append(a)
return L

print f(1)
print f(2)
print f(3)

This will print
[1]
[1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]

If you don't want the default to be shared between subsequent calls, you can write the function like this instead:
def f(a, L=None):
if L is None:
L = []
L.append(a)
return L
</quote>

I can't imagine how subsequent calls to f can share the same value for L.
The tutorial says that a new symbol table for the variables inside of the
function is created each time the function is called, and I would say the
symbol table is destructed when the function finishes execution.

How is the value of L conserved between funtion calls?
Can someone explain the mechanism to me?

Thanks,
Tito

[Peter Otten]

Tito wrote:

How is the value of L conserved between funtion calls?
Can someone explain the mechanism to me?

A function is just a callable object. Its default arguments are stored as a
tuple in the func_defaults attribute. You can easily experiment with these
kind of things in the interpreter:

def f(a, items=[]): .... items.append(a)
.... f(1)
f(2)
f(3)
f.func_defaults ([1, 2, 3],) f(4)
f.func_defaults ([1, 2, 3, 4],)

Peter

[Tito]

Thanks to you both for your explanation.

Tito