More On - deepcopy, Tkinter

[phil]

I posted the following yesterday and got no response
and did some testing simplifying the circumstances
and it appears that deepcopy fails when the object
to be copied contains a reference to a Canvas Object.
Perhaps any Tkinter object, didn't get that far.

The problem arises because I have a geometry tutorial
with a progression of drawings and want the students to
be able to go "back". Creating "snapshots" of points
in time in the tutorial makes a clean and elegant solution
possible. Other solutions I am trying to come up with are
very messy.

It is frustrating to think that in a language like python
there might be things which you can't make a copy of.
That is bizarre enough to wonder about a deep flaw or
hopefully I'm just doing something very wrong.

Any ideas appreciated.

phil wrote:

I wrote the following to prove to myself that
deepcopy would copy an entire dictionary
which contains an instance of a class to
one key of another dictionary.
Note that after copying adict to ndict['x']
I delete adict.
Then ndict['x'] contains a good copy of adict.
works great.
class aclass:
def __init__(s):
s.anint = 123
aninstance = aclass()
adict = {}
adict['y'] = aninstance

ndict = {}
ndict['x'] = copy.deepcopy(adict)
del adict
print ndict
print ndict['x']['y']
print ndict['x']['y'].anint # this line prints 123
print

Then in the following code when I try to deepcopy
s.glob.objs I get following error
Note that s.glob.objs is a dictionary and I am
attempting to copy to a key of s.save, another dict,
just like above.
??????????
s.glob.objs may have several keys, the data for each
will be instance of classes like line and circle.
Those instances will have tkinter canvas objects in them.

class Graph:
def __init__(s):
class DummyClass: pass
s.glob = DummyClass()
s.glob.objs = {}
.. # here add some instance of objects like
.. # circles and lines to s.glob.objs
# instantiate dialog
s.DI = dialog(s.glob)

class dialog:
def __init__(s,glob):
s.glob = glob
s.save = {}

def proc(s):
cur = someint
s.save[cur] = copy.deepcopy(s.glob.objs)

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1345, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "/home/phil/geo/g.py", line 303, in enter
else:s.proc()
File "/home/phil/geo/g.py", line 245, in proc
s.save[cur][k] = copy.deepcopy(s.glob.objs[k][0])
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 179, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 307, in _deepcopy_inst
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 179, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 270, in _deepcopy_dict
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 179, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 307, in _deepcopy_inst
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 179, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 270, in _deepcopy_dict
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 206, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy.py", line 338, in _reconstruct
y = callable(*args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/copy_reg.py", line 92, in __newobj__
return cls.__new__(cls, *args)
TypeError: function() takes at least 2 arguments (0 given)

[Duncan Booth]

phil wrote:

It is frustrating to think that in a language like python
there might be things which you can't make a copy of.
That is bizarre enough to wonder about a deep flaw or
hopefully I'm just doing something very wrong.

To be honest, it doesn't really surprise me that you cannot copy Tkinter
objects. If you could make a copy of an object which is displayed on the
screen I would expect that copying would create another object on the
screen, and that probably isn't what you want. Other uncopyable objects
include files, stack frames and so on.

The deepcopy protocol does allow you to specify how complicated objects
should be copied. Try defining __deepcopy__() in your objects to just copy
the reference to the Canvas object instead of the object itself.

[phil]

The deepcopy protocol does allow you to specify how complicated objects
should be copied. Try defining __deepcopy__() in your objects to just copy
the reference to the Canvas object instead of the object itself.

I can't figure out from the docs what __deepcopy__ is or how it

works.
I have about 25 classes of drawn objects. for instance
class linefromslope creates an instance of class line.
One of my "ugly solutions" involves a class prop: within each class,
put properties like slope and midpoint within the self.prop instance
and making a copy of that.
Would __deepcopy__ facilitate this?
Or am I assuming too much: is __deepcopy__ just a method
I invent to do what I want?

[Duncan Booth]

phil wrote:

The deepcopy protocol does allow you to specify how complicated
objects should be copied. Try defining __deepcopy__() in your objects
to just copy the reference to the Canvas object instead of the object
itself.
I can't figure out from the docs what __deepcopy__ is or how it

works.
I have about 25 classes of drawn objects. for instance
class linefromslope creates an instance of class line.
One of my "ugly solutions" involves a class prop: within each class,
put properties like slope and midpoint within the self.prop instance
and making a copy of that.
Would __deepcopy__ facilitate this?
Or am I assuming too much: is __deepcopy__ just a method
I invent to do what I want?

The docs say:
In order for a class to define its own copy implementation, it can
define special methods __copy__() and __deepcopy__(). The former is
called to implement the shallow copy operation; no additional
arguments are passed. The latter is called to implement the deep copy
operation; it is passed one argument, the memo dictionary. If the
__deepcopy__() implementation needs to make a deep copy of a
component, it should call the deepcopy() function with the component
as first argument and the memo dictionary as second argument.

__deepcopy__ is a method which overrides the default way to make a deepcopy
of an object.

So, if you have a class with attributes a, b, and c, and you want to ensure
that deepcopy copies a and b, but doesn't copy c, I guess you could do
something like:

class MyClass: _dontcopy = ('c',) # Tuple of attributes which must not be copied

def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
clone = copy.copy(self) # Make a shallow copy
for name, value in vars(self).iteritems():
if name not in self._dontcopy:
setattr(clone, name, copy.deepcopy(value, memo))
return clone
class Copyable(object): def __new__(cls, *args):
print "created new copyable"
return object.__new__(cls, *args)

m = MyClass()
m.a = Copyable() created new copyable m.b = Copyable() created new copyable m.c = Copyable() created new copyable clone = copy.deepcopy(m) created new copyable
created new copyable m.a is clone.a False m.c is clone.c True

As you can see, the deepcopy only creates deep copies of 2 of the 3
attributes, 'c' is simply copied across as a shallow copy.

and if you subclass MyClass you can modify the _dontcopy value to add
additional attributes which must not be copied.

[Michael Hoffman]

phil wrote:

I posted the following yesterday and got no response

When you don't get as much of a response as you expected, you might
consider the advice here:

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

Pointing you here is only meant to be helpful. If you don't feel the
advice applies to you, feel free to ignore it, but you clearly haven't
been getting the results from this forum that you expected.
--
Michael Hoffman

[phil]

> but you clearly haven't

been getting the results from this forum that you expected.

Yes I have, this is a wonderful forum.

I was just providing more info due to more testing.

[phil]

Thanks, I used some of your methods and believe it is now
working.

I also did a lot of experiments, which I've needed to do,
investigating when references vs values are passed and
returned. Not as obvious as I thought.

Duncan Booth wrote:

phil wrote:

The deepcopy protocol does allow you to specify how complicated
objects should be copied. Try defining __deepcopy__() in your objects
to just copy the reference to the Canvas object instead of the object
itself.

I can't figure out from the docs what __deepcopy__ is or how it

works.
I have about 25 classes of drawn objects. for instance
class linefromslope creates an instance of class line.
One of my "ugly solutions" involves a class prop: within each class,
put properties like slope and midpoint within the self.prop instance
and making a copy of that.
Would __deepcopy__ facilitate this?
Or am I assuming too much: is __deepcopy__ just a method
I invent to do what I want?

The docs say:

In order for a class to define its own copy implementation, it can
define special methods __copy__() and __deepcopy__(). The former is
called to implement the shallow copy operation; no additional
arguments are passed. The latter is called to implement the deep copy
operation; it is passed one argument, the memo dictionary. If the
__deepcopy__() implementation needs to make a deep copy of a
component, it should call the deepcopy() function with the component
as first argument and the memo dictionary as second argument.

__deepcopy__ is a method which overrides the default way to make a deepcopy
of an object.

So, if you have a class with attributes a, b, and c, and you want to ensure
that deepcopy copies a and b, but doesn't copy c, I guess you could do
something like:

class MyClass:
_dontcopy = ('c',) # Tuple of attributes which must not be copied

def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
clone = copy.copy(self) # Make a shallow copy
for name, value in vars(self).iteritems():
if name not in self._dontcopy:
setattr(clone, name, copy.deepcopy(value, memo))
return clone

class Copyable(object):
def __new__(cls, *args):
print "created new copyable"
return object.__new__(cls, *args)
m = MyClass()
m.a = Copyable()
created new copyable
m.b = Copyable()
created new copyable
m.c = Copyable()
created new copyable
clone = copy.deepcopy(m)
created new copyable
created new copyable
m.a is clone.a
False
m.c is clone.c

True
As you can see, the deepcopy only creates deep copies of 2 of the 3
attributes, 'c' is simply copied across as a shallow copy.

and if you subclass MyClass you can modify the _dontcopy value to add
additional attributes which must not be copied.