What is <<<HTML?

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Saw an example of code recently that used this:

echo <<<HTML
$error $x INVALID DOMAINS<DIV align="center">$display</DIV>
HTML;

I would have done it like:

echo $error.$x."INVALID DOMAINS<DIV
align=\"center\">".$display."</DIV>";

I tried it thos other way, and it output the same info. But what I'm
intrigued by is the fact with this other way, I don't have to escape
quotes!
I have noticed some annoyances like "HTML;" but be completely left
justified or it breaks whatever "<<<HTML" does which can make proper
indentation look odd.

But what exactly is "<<<HTML" and what other uses does it have?
I've been trying to seach it, but Google and Yahoo and MSN all ignore
the <<< so all I get are pages regarding HTML. =/

Thanks for any info!
Liam

Jul 17 '05 #1

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1525

Ken Robinson

ne**@celticbear.com wrote:

Saw an example of code recently that used this:

echo <<<HTML
$error $x INVALID DOMAINS<DIV align="center">$display</DIV>
HTML;

I would have done it like:

echo $error.$x."INVALID DOMAINS<DIV
align=\"center\">".$display."</DIV>";

I tried it thos other way, and it output the same info. But what I'm
intrigued by is the fact with this other way, I don't have to escape
quotes!

This is called a "heredoc" and is described at
http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.string.php

You can also delimit your strings with single quotes if you don't want
to escape the double quotes:

echo $error . $x . 'INVALID DOMAINS<DIV align="center">' . $display .
'</div>';

Ken

Jul 17 '05 #2

Andy Hassall

On 23 Jun 2005 13:40:56 -0700, ne**@celticbear.com wrote:

Saw an example of code recently that used this:

echo <<<HTML
$error $x INVALID DOMAINS<DIV align="center">$display</DIV>
HTML;

But what exactly is "<<<HTML" and what other uses does it have?

Search term: heredoc.

--
Andy Hassall / <an**@andyh.co.uk> / <http://www.andyh.co.uk>
<http://www.andyhsoftware.co.uk/space> Space: disk usage analysis tool

Jul 17 '05 #3

Andy Hassall

On 23 Jun 2005 13:53:24 -0700, "Ken Robinson" <ke******@rbnsn.com> wrote:

You can also delimit your strings with single quotes if you don't want
to escape the double quotes:

echo $error . $x . 'INVALID DOMAINS<DIV align="center">' . $display .
'</div>';

Or use single quotes in the HTML as this is specifically allowed according to
the specs - basically use the opposite sort of quotes inside as on the outside,
to avoid having to slash it.

--
Andy Hassall / <an**@andyh.co.uk> / <http://www.andyh.co.uk>
<http://www.andyhsoftware.co.uk/space> Space: disk usage analysis tool

Jul 17 '05 #4

Chris Hope

ne**@celticbear.com wrote:

Saw an example of code recently that used this:

echo <<<HTML
$error $x INVALID DOMAINS<DIV align="center">$display</DIV>
HTML;

I would have done it like:

echo $error.$x."INVALID DOMAINS<DIV
align=\"center\">".$display."</DIV>";
You also don't have to escape the double quotes if you use single quoted
strings. An alternative to your above code would be:

echo $error.$x.'INVALID DOMAINS<DIV
align="center">'.$display.'</div>';

or instead of the concatenation in the middle of the string you could do
it this way:

echo $error.$x."INVALID DOMAINS<DIV
align=\"center\">$display</div>";
I tried it thos other way, and it output the same info. But what I'm
intrigued by is the fact with this other way, I don't have to escape
quotes!
I have noticed some annoyances like "HTML;" but be completely left
justified or it breaks whatever "<<<HTML" does which can make proper
indentation look odd.

But what exactly is "<<<HTML" and what other uses does it have?
I've been trying to seach it, but Google and Yahoo and MSN all ignore
the <<< so all I get are pages regarding HTML. =/

The syntax is called heredoc and can be found in the manual here:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/languag...syntax.heredoc

Note that the delimiter can be anything unique, so for example it could
be:

echo <<<END_OF_HTML

END_OF_HTML;

The closing part must always be at the start of the line and end with a
semi-colon, and there must not be anything else on the line.

--
Chris Hope | www.electrictoolbox.com | www.linuxcdmall.com

Jul 17 '05 #5

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