do you mean what they are as methods to HTTP::Request or what they are in general?
get - just gets a document
head - is generally just used to see if a document is present
post - sends data to the server
put - I don't think there is a put for HTTP::Request but I'm not sure
Get : retrieve information
Post: create new entity and update existing entity
Put: create new entity and update existing entity but put request is idempotent
Head: obtaining metainformation about the entity