Not directly, no. Server-side functions live server-side, client-side functions live on the client.
One way to get server-side code to run, is to submit the form. ASP.NET unrolls the HTTP headers, unpackages the hidden ViewState variable, re-instantiates objects, and then decides what events to raise based on all of the above.
What you can do is have your JavaScript function set a hidden form variable, then do a form.submit().
Then, in your Page_Load handler on the server, use the Request object to check for the presence and/or value of this variable, and call the appropriate server-side method.
Another way - instead of hardcoding the postback method name in your page script, I'd recommend you use the GetPostBackEventReference() method off the Page class. This will return you the generated method name and will most likely be forward compatible. It also handles the issue of ensuring that the client-side method is emitted to the page markup.
Page.GetPostBackEventReference Method
ASP.NET 2.0 has a feature call "client call-backs" which perform exactly what you are looking for. They can be activated within the 2.0 GridView control (similar to DataGrid) so that the body of the grid is redrawn without the need for a full page postback. HTH.