if it comes to a public webpage then JavaScript is the only supported clientside scripting language by all browsers - so there is no list. If
webassembly gets more popular - then other programming languages might be considered here as well.
Besides javascript and webassembly - any other script you want to embed and execute will require a plugin to the browser - and thus should be avoided, since it would force a user to install something. But having said that - given, there is a plugin to extend a browser - basically any programming language could be executed on the clientside - but the question then is how useful that would be.