*** [block.exe] Error 1

I just got the OpenGL SuperBible and wanted to try to compile an example file. At first I got a big list of errors. I added -lopengl32 -lglut32 into Project Options -> Parameters -> Linker. Then all it said was *** [block.exe] Error 1 (bock.exe is my program) I am using Dev C++ 4.9.9.2. Here is the program I am trying to compile.

Expand|Select|Wrap|Line Numbers

   // Block.cpp

// OpenGL SuperBible, Chapter 1

// Demonstrates an assortment of basic 3D concepts

// Program by Richard S. Wright Jr.
 
#include "../shared/gltools.h"    // OpenGL toolkit

#include "../shared/math3d.h"

#include <math.h>
 
// Keep track of effects step

int nStep = 0;
 
// Lighting data

GLfloat lightAmbient[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f };

GLfloat lightDiffuse[] = { 0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f };

GLfloat lightSpecular[] = { 0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f };

GLfloat materialColor[] = { 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f };

GLfloat vLightPos[] = { -80.0f, 120.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f };

GLfloat ground[3][3] = { { 0.0f, -25.0f, 0.0f },

                        { 10.0f, -25.0f, 0.0f },

                        { 10.0f, -25.0f, -10.0f } };
 
GLuint textures[4];
 
// Called to draw scene

void RenderScene(void)

    {

    M3DMatrix44f mCubeTransform;

    M3DVector4f pPlane;
 
    // Clear the window with current clearing color

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

    glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
 
    glPushMatrix();
 
    // Draw plane that the cube rests on

    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);

    if(nStep == 5)

        {

        glColor3ub(255,255,255);

        glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]);

        glBegin(GL_QUADS);

            glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);

            glVertex3f(-100.0f, -25.3f, -100.0f);

            glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);

            glVertex3f(-100.0f, -25.3f, 100.0f);        

            glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);

            glVertex3f(100.0f,  -25.3f, 100.0f);

            glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);

            glVertex3f(100.0f,  -25.3f, -100.0f);

        glEnd();

        }

    else

        {

        glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.90f); // Blue

        glBegin(GL_QUADS);

            glVertex3f(-100.0f, -25.3f, -100.0f);

            glVertex3f(-100.0f, -25.3f, 100.0f);        

            glVertex3f(100.0f,  -25.3f, 100.0f);

            glVertex3f(100.0f,  -25.3f, -100.0f);

        glEnd();

        }
 
    // Set drawing color to Red

    glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
 
    // Enable, disable lighting

    if(nStep > 2)

        {

        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

        glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);

        glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
 
        glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, lightAmbient);

        glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightDiffuse);

        glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, lightSpecular);

        glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

        glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

        glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR,lightSpecular);

        glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, materialColor);

        glMateriali(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS,128);

        }
 
    // Move the cube slightly forward and to the left

    glTranslatef(-10.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
 
    switch(nStep)

        {

        // Just draw the wire framed cube

        case 0:

            glutWireCube(50.0f);

            break;
 
        // Same wire cube with hidden line removal simulated

        case 1:

            // Front Face (before rotation)

            glBegin(GL_LINES);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

            glEnd();
 
            // Top of cube

            glBegin(GL_LINES);

                // Front Face

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

            glEnd();
 
            // Last two segments for effect

            glBegin(GL_LINES);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);
 
                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

            glEnd();
 
            break;
 
        // Uniform colored surface, looks 2D and goofey

        case 2:

            glutSolidCube(50.0f);

            break;
 
        case 3:

            glutSolidCube(50.0f);

            break;
 
        // Draw a shadow with some lighting

        case 4:

            glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, mCubeTransform);

            glutSolidCube(50.0f);

            glPopMatrix();
 
            // Disable lighting, we'll just draw the shadow as black

            glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
 
            glPushMatrix();
 
            m3dGetPlaneEquation(pPlane, ground[0], ground[1], ground[2]);

            m3dMakePlanarShadowMatrix(mCubeTransform, pPlane, vLightPos);

            //MakeShadowMatrix(ground, lightpos, cubeXform);

            glMultMatrixf(mCubeTransform);
 
            glTranslatef(-10.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);            
 
            // Set drawing color to Black

            glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
 
            glutSolidCube(50.0f);

            break;
 
        case 5:

            glColor3ub(255,255,255);

            glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, mCubeTransform);
 
            // Front Face (before rotation)

            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[1]);

            glBegin(GL_QUADS);

                glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

            glEnd();
 
            // Top of cube

            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[2]);

            glBegin(GL_QUADS);

                // Front Face

                glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);

                glVertex3f(-25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

            glEnd();
 
            // Last two segments for effect

            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[3]);

            glBegin(GL_QUADS);

                glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,-25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,-25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,-25.0f,25.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);

                glVertex3f(25.0f,25.0f,25.0f);

            glEnd();
 
            glPopMatrix();
 
            // Disable lighting, we'll just draw the shadow as black

            glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);

            glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
 
            glPushMatrix();
 
            m3dGetPlaneEquation(pPlane, ground[0], ground[1], ground[2]);

            m3dMakePlanarShadowMatrix(mCubeTransform, pPlane, vLightPos);

            glMultMatrixf(mCubeTransform);            
 
            glTranslatef(-10.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);            
 
            // Set drawing color to Black

            glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            glutSolidCube(50.0f);

            break;
 
        }
 
    glPopMatrix();
 
    // Flush drawing commands

    glutSwapBuffers();

    }
 
// This function does any needed initialization on the rendering

// context. 

void SetupRC()

    {

        GLbyte *pBytes;

        GLint nWidth, nHeight, nComponents;

        GLenum format;
 
    // Black background

    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
 
        glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE);

        glGenTextures(4, textures);
 
    // Load the texture objects

        pBytes = gltLoadTGA("floor.tga", &nWidth, &nHeight, &nComponents, &format);

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,nComponents,nWidth, nHeight, 0,

        format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pBytes);

    free(pBytes);
 
    pBytes = gltLoadTGA("Block4.tga", &nWidth, &nHeight, &nComponents, &format);

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[1]);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,nComponents,nWidth, nHeight, 0,

        format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pBytes);

    free(pBytes);
 
    pBytes = gltLoadTGA("block5.tga", &nWidth, &nHeight, &nComponents, &format);

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[2]);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,nComponents,nWidth, nHeight, 0,

        format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pBytes);

    free(pBytes);
 
    pBytes = gltLoadTGA("block6.tga", &nWidth, &nHeight, &nComponents, &format);

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[3]);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);

    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,nComponents,nWidth, nHeight, 0,

        format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pBytes);

    free(pBytes);

        }
 
void KeyPressFunc(unsigned char key, int x, int y)

    {

    if(key == 32)

        {

        nStep++;
 
        if(nStep > 5)

            nStep = 0;

        }
 
    // Refresh the Window

    glutPostRedisplay();

    }
 
void ChangeSize(int w, int h)

    {

    // Calculate new clipping volume

    GLfloat windowWidth;

    GLfloat windowHeight;
 
    // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short

    // (you cant make a window of zero width).

    if(h == 0)

        h = 1;
 
    // Keep the square square

    if (w <= h) 

        {

        windowHeight = 100.0f*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w;

        windowWidth = 100.0f;

        }

    else 

        {

        windowWidth = 100.0f*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h;

        windowHeight = 100.0f;

        }
 
        // Set the viewport to be the entire window

        glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
 
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

        glLoadIdentity();
 
    // Set the clipping volume

    glOrtho(-100.0f, windowWidth, -100.0f, windowHeight, -200.0f, 200.0f);
 
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

        glLoadIdentity();
 
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION, vLightPos);
 
    glRotatef(30.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

    glRotatef(330.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    }
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])

    {

    glutInit(&argc, argv);

    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DEPTH);

    glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);

    glutCreateWindow("3D Effects Demo");

    glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);

    glutKeyboardFunc(KeyPressFunc);

    glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);
 
    SetupRC();
 
    glutMainLoop();

    glDeleteTextures(4,textures);

    return 0;

    }

Oct 28 '08 #1

Subscribe Post Reply

4049

arnaudk

424

256MB

Did you do a "rebuild all"? Incidentally, I think you'd be better off using the free VC++2008 Express if you're working in windows, DevC++ is no longer updated as of 2005. Some people also like CodeBlocks.

Oct 28 '08 #2

flyvin

I downloaded code blocks(I like open source) and its awesome! Unfortunately, I still have an error. I think I have trouble including gltools.h. Has anyone used this book?

Nov 2 '08 #3

flyvin

Also, its different errors now. It says it cant find some functions, and there in gltools.h

Nov 3 '08 #4

arnaudk

424

256MB

If it can not find functions which are declared in gltools.h at linktime, then you probably haven't linked the correct libraries or the linker can't find then (adjust your paths). Can you can show us the error messages?

Nov 3 '08 #5

flyvin

Here are my errors. I'm pretty new, and I'm not quite sure how to link a library.

Expand|Select|Wrap|Line Numbers

 obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x3da)||In function `Z11RenderScenev':|

F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|102|undefined reference to `glutWireCube'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x6d6):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|151|undefined reference to `glutSolidCube'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x6e9):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|155|undefined reference to `glutSolidCube'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x712):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|161|undefined reference to `glutSolidCube'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x74e):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|169|undefined reference to `m3dGetPlaneEquation(float*, float const*, float const*, float const*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x768):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|170|undefined reference to `m3dMakePlanarShadowMatrix(float*, float const*, float const*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x7c8):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|179|undefined reference to `glutSolidCube'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xb95):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|235|undefined reference to `m3dGetPlaneEquation(float*, float const*, float const*, float const*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xbaf):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|236|undefined reference to `m3dMakePlanarShadowMatrix(float*, float const*, float const*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xc0f):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|243|undefined reference to `glutSolidCube'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xc19):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|251|undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xcab)||In function `Z7SetupRCv':|

F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|269|undefined reference to `gltLoadTGA(char const*, int*, int*, int*, unsigned int*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xdb4):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|279|undefined reference to `gltLoadTGA(char const*, int*, int*, int*, unsigned int*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xebd):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|289|undefined reference to `gltLoadTGA(char const*, int*, int*, int*, unsigned int*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0xfc6):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|299|undefined reference to `gltLoadTGA(char const*, int*, int*, int*, unsigned int*)'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x10da)||In function `Z12KeyPressFunchii':|

F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|321|undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x126c)||In function `main':|

F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|368|undefined reference to `glutInit'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x1278):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|369|undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x128c):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|370|undefined reference to `glutInitWindowSize'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x1298):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|371|undefined reference to `glutCreateWindow'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x12a4):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|372|undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x12b0):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|373|undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x12bc):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|374|undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'|

obj\Debug\Block.o(.text+0x12c6):F:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\C++ programing\OpenGL\test1\Block.cpp|378|undefined reference to `glutMainLoop'|

||=== Build finished: 24 errors, 0 warnings ===|

Nov 4 '08 #6

flyvin

I found a library file, but I still cant figure out how to link it.

Nov 9 '08 #7

arnaudk

424

256MB

The way you link libraries depends on your compiler and IDE. For g++, for example, you can link the libraries opengl32 and glut32 using the command line switches -lopengl32 -lglut32. You need to figure out how to link those relevant libraries in your IDE, have a look through your compiler/IDE reference manual.

Nov 9 '08 #8

flyvin

I have glut and opengl fine, but theres a file called freeglut_static.lib and I think I need it. If its not that, then a I have no idea what to do.

Nov 9 '08 #9

arnaudk

424

256MB

I'm not familiar with the OpenGL Superbible, but if you think you need to link freeglut_static.lib, you can do this in g++ with -lfreeglut_static. You might need to tell the compiler where to look for freeglut_static.lib, and you can do this in g++ using the -L switch (see g++ manual online). Have a careful look through the notes that came with your book about compiling the examples, one would think it would not have been taken for granted that you should know how to do this knowing nothing about the libraries that it comes with.

Nov 10 '08 #10

*** [block.exe] Error 1

Similar topics