Harald van D?k wrote:
On Thu, 26 Jun 2008 16:52:06 +0200, Joachim Schmitz wrote:
>SR*******@gmail.com wrote:
>>Dear all,
Do you know whether ANSI C (or some other dialects) support the
following:
* a variable name coincides with a type name,
* a structure/union field name coincides with a type name
in the same file (.c + all relevant .h's)?
e.g.
typedef int m;
typedef struct a {
int i;
char m;
} b;
char *m
typedefs and variable identifiers (and struct/union tags) life in
different name spaces, so they can coexist if they have the same
name.
No, assuming the same scope, no two typedefs, objects, or functions
may have identical names. Not in standard C, and not in any dialect
that I'm aware of. It's not possible to parse C if you can't
determine what declaration an identifier refers to. Given the above,
if it were valid, it would not be possible for a compiler to
determine whether (m)+0 is a cast of +0 to type m, or adds 0 to
object m.
For structure/union tags ("a" in the above) and members, it's indeed
allowed to use the same name as for an existing object or typedef.
There's no problem with "char m;" in the above.
So there were 2 questions:
>>* a variable name coincides with a type name,
and the answer is no
>>* a structure/union field name coincides with a type name
and the answer is yes.
Apparently I missed the first question and screwed up the answer for the
second...
To make up for that, here's what the Standard says:
6.2.1 Scopes of identifiers
1 An identifier can denote an object; a function; a tag or a member of a
structure, union, or
enumeration; a typedef name; a label name; a macro name; or a macro
parameter. The
same identifier can denote different entities at different points in the
program. A member
of an enumeration is called an enumeration constant. Macro names and macro
parameters are not considered further here, because prior to the semantic
phase of
program translation any occurrences of macro names in the source file are
replaced by the
preprocessing token sequences that constitute their macro definitions.
2 For each different entity that an identifier designates, the identifier is
visible (i.e., can be
used) only within a region of program text called its scope. Different
entities designated
by the same identifier either have different scopes, or are in different
name spaces. There
are four kinds of scopes: function, file, block, and function prototype. (A
function
prototype is a declaration of a function that declares the types of its
parameters.)
3 A label name is the only kind of identifier that has function scope. It
can be used (in a
goto statement) anywhere in the function in which it appears, and is
declared implicitly
by its syntactic appearance (followed by a : and a statement).
4 Every other identifier has scope determined by the placement of its
declaration (in a
declarator or type specifier). If the declarator or type specifier that
declares the identifier
appears outside of any block or list of parameters, the identifier has file
scope, which
terminates at the end of the translation unit. If the declarator or type
specifier that
declares the identifier appears inside a block or within the list of
parameter declarations in
a function definition, the identifier has block scope, which terminates at
the end of the
associated block. If the declarator or type specifier that declares the
identifier appears
within the list of parameter declarations in a function prototype (not part
of a function
definition), the identifier has function prototype scope, which terminates
at the end of the
function declarator. If an identifier designates two different entities in
the same name
space, the scopes might overlap. If so, the scope of one entity (the inner
scope) will be a
strict subset of the scope of the other entity (the outer scope). Within the
inner scope, the
identifier designates the entity declared in the inner scope; the entity
declared in the outer
scope is hidden (and not visible) within the inner scope.
5 Unless explicitly stated otherwise, where this International Standard uses
the term
''identifier'' to refer to some entity (as opposed to the syntactic
construct), it refers to the
entity in the relevant name space whose declaration is visible at the point
the identifier
occurs.
6 Two identifiers have the same scope if and only if their scopes terminate
at the same
point.
7 Structure, union, and enumeration tags have scope that begins just after
the appearance of
the tag in a type specifier that declares the tag. Each enumeration constant
has scope that
begins just after the appearance of its defining enumerator in an enumerator
list. Any
other identifier has scope that begins just after the completion of its
declarator.
