Problem with atoi()

[tolkien]

Hi,My problem is this:
I have :
char matrix[3][3]=....
int x;
x=atoi(matrix[2][2]);

This doesn't work.Any help?

I don't have any errors.Just a warning" passing argument 1 of 'atoi'
makes pointer from integer without a cast"

[Army1987]

On Sun, 09 Sep 2007 12:30:47 +0000, tolkien wrote:

Hi,My problem is this:
I have :
char matrix[3][3]=....
int x;
x=atoi(matrix[2][2]);

This doesn't work.Any help?

atoi takes a pointer to char. matrix[2][2] is a char.
What are you trying to do? I'd be tempted to say "maybe you mean
atoi(&matrix[2][2])", but matrix[2][2] is the last byte in the
object you defined, so it can't be the beginning of a nonempty
string.

--
Army1987 (Replace "NOSPAM" with "email")
If you're sending e-mail from a Windows machine, turn off Microsoft's
stupid “Smart Quotes� feature. This is so you'll avoid sprinkling garbage
characters through your mail. -- Eric S. Raymond and Rick Moen

[Joe Wright]

tolkien wrote:

Hi,My problem is this:
I have :
char matrix[3][3]=....
int x;
x=atoi(matrix[2][2]);

This doesn't work.Any help?

I don't have any errors.Just a warning" passing argument 1 of 'atoi'
makes pointer from integer without a cast"

Here's a clue. The prototype:

int atoi(const char *_s);

Note matrix[2][2] is type char, not char*.

--
Joe Wright
"Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler."
--- Albert Einstein ---

[tolkien]

i have this matrix:
char matrix[3][3]={'3','4','5',
'6','7','8',
'1','2','3' };

and i want to use one of its elements as integer .
for example int x= matrix[1][2] (8)

[runner]

"tolkien" <gv****@gmail.comwrote in message
news:11**********************@22g2000hsm.googlegro ups.com...

i have this matrix:
char matrix[3][3]={'3','4','5',
'6','7','8',
'1','2','3' };

and i want to use one of its elements as integer .
for example int x= matrix[1][2] (8)

In this case, "atoi" simply becomes

int v = matrix[i][j] - '0';

but if you have to deal with multi-digit integers
you'd better declare the matrix as char *matrix[3][3]
and assign to its elements the pointers to strings
allocated elsewhere. Then you can use atoi.

[tolkien]

thank you very much!!!!!

[Malcolm McLean]

"tolkien" <gv****@gmail.comwrote in message
news:11**********************@22g2000hsm.googlegro ups.com...

>i have this matrix:
char matrix[3][3]={'3','4','5',
'6','7','8',
'1','2','3' };

and i want to use one of its elements as integer .
for example int x= matrix[1][2] (8)

atoi() works on strings, not single characters

Write a function

int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

this works because you are guaranteed consecutive codes for decimal digits.
The assert() is for safety.

--
Free games and programming goodies.
http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~bgy1mm

[Keith Thompson]

"Malcolm McLean" <re*******@btinternet.comwrites:

"tolkien" <gv****@gmail.comwrote in message
news:11**********************@22g2000hsm.googlegro ups.com...

>>i have this matrix:
char matrix[3][3]={'3','4','5',
'6','7','8',
'1','2','3' };

and i want to use one of its elements as integer .
for example int x= matrix[1][2] (8)

atoi() works on strings, not single characters

Write a function

int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

this works because you are guaranteed consecutive codes for decimal digits.
The assert() is for safety.

Using assert() is appropriate only if a non-digit character in the
matrix is a program bug. If it could be the result of, for example,
invalid input, assert() is not the way to check for the error.

The code snippet we've seen is clearly a toy example; we don't have
enough information about how the matrix is really initialized (unless
this is a homework problem).

I'd also check *before* converting the character to an int, probably
using isdigit().

--
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keith) ks***@mib.org <http://www.ghoti.net/~kst>
San Diego Supercomputer Center <* <http://users.sdsc.edu/~kst>
"We must do something. This is something. Therefore, we must do this."
-- Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn, "Yes Minister"

[Army1987]

On Sun, 09 Sep 2007 14:56:38 -0700, Keith Thompson wrote:

"Malcolm McLean" <re*******@btinternet.comwrites:

>int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

[snip]

I'd also check *before* converting the character to an int, probably
using isdigit().

isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.
--
Army1987 (Replace "NOSPAM" with "email")
If you're sending e-mail from a Windows machine, turn off Microsoft's
stupid “Smart Quotes� feature. This is so you'll avoid sprinkling garbage
characters through your mail. -- Eric S. Raymond and Rick Moen

[Keith Thompson]

Army1987 <ar******@NOSPAM.itwrites:

On Sun, 09 Sep 2007 14:56:38 -0700, Keith Thompson wrote:

>"Malcolm McLean" <re*******@btinternet.comwrites:

>>int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

[snip]

>I'd also check *before* converting the character to an int, probably
using isdigit().

isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.

No, isdigit() only returns true for '0' .. '9'. Quoting C99
7.4.1.5p2:

The isdigit function tests for any decimal-digit character (as
defined in 5.2.1).

--
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keith) ks***@mib.org <http://www.ghoti.net/~kst>
San Diego Supercomputer Center <* <http://users.sdsc.edu/~kst>
"We must do something. This is something. Therefore, we must do this."
-- Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn, "Yes Minister"

[Charlie Gordon]

"Army1987" <ar******@NOSPAM.ita écrit dans le message de news:
pa****************************@NOSPAM.it...

On Sun, 09 Sep 2007 14:56:38 -0700, Keith Thompson wrote:

>"Malcolm McLean" <re*******@btinternet.comwrites:

>>int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

[snip]

>I'd also check *before* converting the character to an int, probably
using isdigit().

isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.

Really ? I don't think so:

7.4.1.5p2: The isdigit function tests for any decimal-digit character (as
defined in 5.2.1).

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

isxxx functions that have locale specific behaviour are noted as such.
isdigit and iscntrl do not seem to have locale specific behaviour.

I cross post to comp.std.c to get an authoritative answer on this question
relating to the C Standard.

--
Chqrlie.

[pete]

Malcolm McLean wrote:

>
"tolkien" <gv****@gmail.comwrote in message
news:11**********************@22g2000hsm.googlegro ups.com...

i have this matrix:
char matrix[3][3]={'3','4','5',
'6','7','8',
'1','2','3' };

and i want to use one of its elements as integer .
for example int x= matrix[1][2] (8)

atoi() works on strings, not single characters

Write a function

int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

this works because you are guaranteed consecutive
codes for decimal digits.
The assert() is for safety.

This way also protects you in the unlikely event
that ch equals INT_MIN:

int chartoval(char ch)
{
assert(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9');
return ch - '0';
}

--
pete

[pete]

Charlie Gordon wrote:

>
"Army1987" <ar******@NOSPAM.ita écrit dans le message de news:
pa****************************@NOSPAM.it...

On Sun, 09 Sep 2007 14:56:38 -0700, Keith Thompson wrote:

"Malcolm McLean" <re*******@btinternet.comwrites:
int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

[snip]

I'd also check *before* converting the
character to an int, probably using isdigit().

isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.

Really ? I don't think so:

7.4.1.5p2: The isdigit function tests for
any decimal-digit character (as defined in 5.2.1).

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

isxxx functions that have locale specific behaviour are noted as such.
isdigit and iscntrl do not seem to have locale specific behaviour.

I cross post to comp.std.c to get
an authoritative answer on this question
relating to the C Standard.

But there's no ambiguity in the C standard
on this particular matter.

--
pete

[Charlie Gordon]

"pete" <pf*****@mindspring.coma écrit dans le message de news:
46***********@mindspring.com...

Charlie Gordon wrote:

>>
"Army1987" <ar******@NOSPAM.ita écrit dans le message de news:
pa****************************@NOSPAM.it...

On Sun, 09 Sep 2007 14:56:38 -0700, Keith Thompson wrote:
"Malcolm McLean" <re*******@btinternet.comwrites:
int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}
[snip]
I'd also check *before* converting the
character to an int, probably using isdigit().
isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.

Really ? I don't think so:

7.4.1.5p2: The isdigit function tests for
any decimal-digit character (as defined in 5.2.1).

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

isxxx functions that have locale specific behaviour are noted as such.
isdigit and iscntrl do not seem to have locale specific behaviour.

I cross post to comp.std.c to get
an authoritative answer on this question
relating to the C Standard.

But there's no ambiguity in the C standard
on this particular matter.

I agree, but the wording is somewhat convoluted, Army1987 got it wrong, and
it took me too long to verify that isdigit is not infected with stupid
broken Locale stuff.

Why refer to the very long section 5.2.1 instead of explicitly describe the
digits '0' to '9' . Simplicity helps.

--
Chqrlie.

[André Gillibert]

Charlie Gordon wrote:

>>>int chartoval(char ch)
{
int answer = ch - '0';
assert(answer >= 0 && answer <= 9);
return answer;
}

[snip]

>>I'd also check *before* converting the character to an int, probably
using isdigit().

isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.

Really ? I don't think so:

7.4.1.5p2: The isdigit function tests for any decimal-digit character (as
defined in 5.2.1).

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

They're "contiguous" on ASCII or BCDIC based character sets, but on other
character sets, they may not be.

isxxx functions that have locale specific behaviour are noted as such.
isdigit and iscntrl do not seem to have locale specific behaviour.

That doesn't change the fact that ch - '0' is not guaranteed to portably
work.

I cross post to comp.std.c to get an authoritative answer on this
question
relating to the C Standard.

comp.lang.c is full of experts of the C standard for discussions about
coding in standard C.
comp.std.c is for discussion about the C standard, not about coding in
standard C.

[followup set to comp.lang.c]
--
You can contact me at <ta*****************@yahoDELETETHATo.fr>

[André Gillibert]

André Gillibert wrote:

They're "contiguous" on ASCII or BCDIC based character sets, but on
other character sets, they may not be.

Excuse me. Actually, the C standard forbids such character sets.
They have to be contiguous.

--
You can contact me at <ta*****************@yahoDELETETHATo.fr>

[Richard Heathfield]

André Gillibert said:

<snip>

ch - '0' is not guaranteed to portably work.

I think I'm right in saying you no longer maintain this position but,
just to be clear, it *is* guaranteed to work if the intent is to
convert 'x' to x where x is in the range 0-9.

<snip>

--
Richard Heathfield <http://www.cpax.org.uk>
Email: -www. +rjh@
Google users: <http://www.cpax.org.uk/prg/writings/googly.php>
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29 July 1999

[Richard Bos]

"Charlie Gordon" <ne**@chqrlie.orgwrote:

"pete" <pf*****@mindspring.coma écrit dans le message de news:
46***********@mindspring.com...

Charlie Gordon wrote:

>
"Army1987" <ar******@NOSPAM.ita écrit dans le message de news:
pa****************************@NOSPAM.it...
isdigit() could return true for locale-specific digits, which
could be distinct from the '0' - '9' Western Arabic numerals in
the basic character set, for which the ch - '0' trick doesn't
work.

Really ? I don't think so:

7.4.1.5p2: The isdigit function tests for
any decimal-digit character (as defined in 5.2.1).

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

isxxx functions that have locale specific behaviour are noted as such.
isdigit and iscntrl do not seem to have locale specific behaviour.

I cross post to comp.std.c to get
an authoritative answer on this question
relating to the C Standard.

But there's no ambiguity in the C standard
on this particular matter.

I agree, but the wording is somewhat convoluted, Army1987 got it wrong, and
it took me too long to verify that isdigit is not infected with stupid
broken Locale stuff.

Why refer to the very long section 5.2.1 instead of explicitly describe the
digits '0' to '9' . Simplicity helps.

Possibly because if you want to change the definition of "digit" (for
example, to allow locale-specific digits, as above), you only need to
change it in one place.

Richard

[André Gillibert]

Richard Heathfield wrote:

André Gillibert said:

<snip>

>ch - '0' is not guaranteed to portably work.

I think I'm right in saying you no longer maintain this position

Yes.
I'm sorry to have posted this wrong material.

but,
just to be clear, it *is* guaranteed to work if the intent is to
convert 'x' to x where x is in the range 0-9.

Yes.

--
You can contact me at <ta*****************@yahoDELETETHATo.fr>

[Douglas A. Gwyn]

"André Gillibert" wrote:

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

They're "contiguous" on ASCII or BCDIC based character sets, but on other
character sets, they may not be.
...
That doesn't change the fact that ch - '0' is not guaranteed to portably
work.

Actually the C standard does require the digit codes to be contiguous
and ascending, so it is guaranteed to work on any conforming C
implementation.

I argued against this requirement, which infringes on the codeset
designer's turf, but lost the argument. (I would rather specify
macros/functions to convert between digit characters and
corresponding numeric interpretations.)

[Charles Richmond]

tolkien wrote:

i have this matrix:
char matrix[3][3]={'3','4','5',
'6','7','8',
'1','2','3' };

and i want to use one of its elements as integer .
for example int x= matrix[1][2] (8)

If you *have* to use atoi(), declare matrix as:

int x;

char *matrix[3][3] = {"3","4","5",
"6","7","8",
"1","2","3"};
Then the following will work:

x = atoi(matrix[2][2]);
--
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Charles and Francis Richmond richmond at plano dot net |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+

[CBFalconer]

"André Gillibert" wrote:

Charlie Gordon wrote:

.... snip ...

>>
Really ? I don't think so:

7.4.1.5p2: The isdigit function tests for any decimal-digit
character (as defined in 5.2.1).

5.2.1p3: the 10 decimal digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

They're "contiguous" on ASCII or BCDIC based character sets, but
on other character sets, they may not be.

Then they are not the 'decimal digits' referred to in the
standard. Simple. If you have some unusual chars you have to
translate them first. If you have unusual bases you have to write
the appropriate code. etc.

--
Chuck F (cbfalconer at maineline dot net)
Available for consulting/temporary embedded and systems.
<http://cbfalconer.home.att.net>

--
Posted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com

[Army1987]

On Mon, 10 Sep 2007 13:28:14 -0700, Keith Thompson wrote:

As a practical matter, you can't get a legible representation of each
of the required printable characters i a 7-segment LED display, though
you could encode each character.

In such an hypothetical implementation, putchar()ing any character
which can't be sensibly displayed on such a display could always
return EOF and set the ferror() flag on.
--
Army1987 (Replace "NOSPAM" with "email")
If you're sending e-mail from a Windows machine, turn off Microsoft's
stupid “Smart Quotes� feature. This is so you'll avoid sprinkling garbage
characters through your mail. -- Eric S. Raymond and Rick Moen

[David Thompson]

On Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:15:35 -0400, Kenneth Brody
<ke******@spamcop.netwrote:

"Douglas A. Gwyn" wrote:

Actually the C standard does require the digit codes to be contiguous
and ascending, <snip>
I argued against this requirement, which infringes on the codeset
designer's turf, but lost the argument. <snip>

Baudot does not have the digits as contiguous values. But, then
again, it is also a 6 bit character set, whereas C specifies a
minimum of 8.

s/6/5/. And Baudot/IA2 is also shift-state dependent, which doesn't
fit in well with C's model, and tradition, of 'you can access any char
to which you have a (valid) pointer'.

FWIW, TeleTypeSetter is 6-bit, also shift-state dependent (actually
multiple states in many usages), and discontiguous -- because, like
Baudot/IA2, it was designed to minimize 'marks' for average text. I
know this reduced aggregate wear on (re)perferators; I never got a
straight answer on whether it saved anything significant in
power/battery use and/or cable (and perhaps cableway) heating.

- formerly david.thompson1 || achar(64) || worldnet.att.net