operation overloading headache

The code below I suspect creates memory leaks:
In the main() in line "c += a + b;" when compiler runs "a + b" creates a new object.
After "c += 'new_object'"
we have an unreferenced object which created from "a + b" and not destroyed.
am I right?
What I can do to avoid this?
------------------------------
class Vector3D {
protected:
float _x, _y, _z;
public:
Vector3D(float x, float y, float z) : _x(x), _y(y), _z(z) {}
const Vector3D &operator+=(const Vector3D &a);
friend const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D &a, const Vector3D &b);
};

const Vector3D &Vector3D::operator+=(const Vector3D &a) {
_x += a._x; _y += a._y; _z += a._z; return *this;
}
const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D &a, const Vector3D &b) {
return Vector3D(a._x + b._x, a._y + b._y, a._z + b._z);
}

void main() {
Vector3D a = Vector3D(1, 2, 3);
Vector3D b = Vector3D(4, 5, 6);
Vector3D c = Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
c += a + b;
}

Not OperatION, operatOR. Sorry!

The code below I suspect creates memory leaks:
In the main() in line "c += a + b;" when compiler runs "a + b" creates a new object.
After "c += 'new_object'"
we have an unreferenced object which created from "a + b" and not destroyed.
am I right?
What I can do to avoid this?
------------------------------
class Vector3D {
protected:
float _x, _y, _z;
public:
Vector3D(float x, float y, float z) : _x(x), _y(y), _z(z) {}
const Vector3D &operator+=(const Vector3D &a);
friend const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D &a, const Vector3D &b);
};

const Vector3D &Vector3D::operator+=(const Vector3D &a) {
_x += a._x; _y += a._y; _z += a._z; return *this;
}
const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D &a, const Vector3D &b) {
return Vector3D(a._x + b._x, a._y + b._y, a._z + b._z);
}

void main() {
Vector3D a = Vector3D(1, 2, 3);
Vector3D b = Vector3D(4, 5, 6);
Vector3D c = Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
c += a + b;
}

[Peter van Merkerk]

"<- Chameleon ->" <ch******@hotmail.NOSPAM.com> wrote in message
news:bk**********@nic.grnet.gr...

The code below I suspect creates memory leaks:
In the main() in line "c += a + b;" when compiler runs "a + b" creates a new object. After "c += 'new_object'"
we have an unreferenced object which created from "a + b" and not destroyed. am I right?

No. You don't have to worry about a memory leak; temporary objects will be
automatically destroyed after the expression which caused them to be created
has been fully evaluated.

--
Peter van Merkerk
peter.van.merkerk(at)dse.nl

[Alf P. Steinbach]

On Sat, 20 Sep 2003 21:06:41 +0300, "<- Chameleon ->" <ch******@hotmail.NOSPAM.com> wrote:

The code below I suspect creates memory leaks:
Nope.

But it's prone to have other bugs since you don't use indentation.
In the main() in line "c += a + b;" when compiler runs "a + b" creates a new object.
The new object (if any, this depends on what optimizations the compiler
throws in; read about RVO) is a temporary one, on the stack, and it's
discarded after its value is assigned to 'c'.
After "c += 'new_object'"
we have an unreferenced object which created from "a + b" and not destroyed.
am I right?
No.

What I can do to avoid this?
Write correct code.

------------------------------
class Vector3D {
protected:
float _x, _y, _z;
Don't use leading underscores. In C++ names beginning with leading
underscore followed by uppercase letter are reserved for the
implementation. In C there are even more restrictions.

If you don't have a lot of vectors at the same time, consider using
'double' instead of 'float'. 'double' has better precision and on
modern machines is as fast as, or even faster than, 'float'.

public:
Vector3D(float x, float y, float z) : _x(x), _y(y), _z(z) {}
Do use indentation, and also some blank lines.

const Vector3D &operator+=(const Vector3D &a);

friend const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D &a, const Vector3D &b);
};

const Vector3D &Vector3D::operator+=(const Vector3D &a) {
_x += a._x; _y += a._y; _z += a._z; return *this;
}
OK except for formatting and names.

const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D &a, const Vector3D &b) {
return Vector3D(a._x + b._x, a._y + b._y, a._z + b._z);
}
OK except for formatting and names.
void main() {
Non-standard extension. Use a standard 'main'.

Vector3D a = Vector3D(1, 2, 3);
Vector3D b = Vector3D(4, 5, 6);
Vector3D c = Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
c += a + b;
}

To be honest, Vector3D looks like someone else's code reformatted.

> >The code below I suspect creates memory leaks:

Nope.
But it's prone to have other bugs since you don't use indentation.
Thanks for your response.
What is indentation? I don't understand the word ;-(

What I can do to avoid this?

Write correct code.

lol ;-)
Do use indentation, and also some blank lines.
OK except for formatting and names.

I "pack" the code to avoid a big message.

Vector3D a = Vector3D(1, 2, 3);
Vector3D b = Vector3D(4, 5, 6);
Vector3D c = Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
c += a + b;
}

To be honest, Vector3D looks like someone else's code reformatted.

grrrrrr! of course its mine! I am trying to test operator overloading because I read "Thinking in C++"
Because I use OpenGL, I am trying to write (what else) a Vector3D class

[Agent Mulder]

<Alf P. Steinbach>

To be honest, Vector3D looks like someone else's code reformatted.

</>

That's a good way to learn. I recommend it to every student. Reformat
someone else's code.

<- Chameleon ->
What is indentation? I don't understand the word ;-(
</>

It's an old C++ joke: "The road to perdition is paved with good
indentation". It means that you must set your tab width to zero.
#include<iostream.h>
class Vector3D
{
public:Vector3D(double a,double b,double c):x(a),y(b),z(c)
{
cout<<"\nVector3D("<<x<<','<<y<<','<<z<<") created...";
}
public:const Vector3D&operator+=(const Vector3D&a)
{
x+=a.x;
y+=a.y;
z+=a.z;
return*this;
}
friend const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D&a,const Vector3D&b)
{
return Vector3D(a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y,a.z+b.z);
}
protected:double x,y,z;
};
int main()
{
Vector3D a=Vector3D(1,2,3);
Vector3D b=Vector3D(4,5,6);
Vector3D c=Vector3D(0,0,0);
c+=a+b;
return 0;
}
____________
output:
Vector3D(1,2,3) created...
Vector3D(4,5,6) created...
Vector3D(0,0,0) created...
Vector3D(5,7,9) created...

-X

> It means that you must set your tab width to zero.

Zero tab width???!!!
You mean this
----
while (1)
{
doit();
}
----
instead of this?
----
while(1)
{
doit();
}
----
Never!!!

In the code below, why you use inline functions?

#include<iostream.h>
class Vector3D
{
public:Vector3D(double a,double b,double c):x(a),y(b),z(c)
{
cout<<"\nVector3D("<<x<<','<<y<<','<<z<<") created...";
}
public:const Vector3D&operator+=(const Vector3D&a)
{
x+=a.x;
y+=a.y;
z+=a.z;
return*this;
}
friend const Vector3D operator+(const Vector3D&a,const Vector3D&b)
{
return Vector3D(a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y,a.z+b.z);
}
protected:double x,y,z;
};
int main()
{
Vector3D a=Vector3D(1,2,3);
Vector3D b=Vector3D(4,5,6);
Vector3D c=Vector3D(0,0,0);
c+=a+b;
return 0;
}
____________
output:
Vector3D(1,2,3) created...
Vector3D(4,5,6) created...
Vector3D(0,0,0) created...
Vector3D(5,7,9) created...

-X

[Agent Mulder]

<- Chameleon ->

Zero tab width???!!!
You mean this
----
while (1)
{
doit();
}
----
instead of this?
----
while(1)
{
doit();
}
----
Never!!!

</>

Try

while(1)doit();

-X

[Kevin Goodsell]

Peter van Merkerk wrote:

temporary objects will be
automatically destroyed after the expression which caused them to be created
has been fully evaluated.

After the *full expression* is finished. A full expression is an
expression which is not part of a larger expression.

-Kevin
--
My email address is valid, but changes periodically.
To contact me please use the address from a recent posting.

[Jacek Dziedzic]

"<- Chameleon ->" <ch******@hotmail.NOSPAM.com> wrote in
message news:bk**********@nic.grnet.gr...

[...]
What is indentation? I don't understand the word ;-(
[...]

Inserting spaces and tabs into source code so that it's
more readable.

// code with no indentation
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{std::cout<<k<<std::endl;
for(int l=k;l<5;l++)
{std::cout<<k*l<<std::endl;};};

// code with indentation
// how exactly you do it is a matter of personal taste,
// so others might indent it very differently but I don't care
for(int k=0;k<3;k++) {
std::cout << k << std::endl;
for(int l=k;l<5;l++) {
std::cout << k*l << std::endl;
};
};

HTH,
- J.