long int

[Magix]

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

Thanks.

[Artie Gold]

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

It is. You just didn't output it correctly.

If you have a long, you need to use the `l' format specifier, not the
`d'; hence you want:

printf("Number is %l", number());

HTH,
--ag

--
Artie Gold -- Austin, Texas

"What they accuse you of -- is what they have planned."

[Allin Cottrell]

Magix wrote:

Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

The format string is composed of zero or more directives:
ordinary characters (not %), which are copied unchanged to
the output stream; and conversion specifications, each of
which results in fetching zero or more subsequent argu-
ments. Each conversion specification is introduced by the
character %. The arguments must correspond properly
(after type promotion) with the conversion specifier.
After the %, the following appear in sequence...

o The optional character l (ell) specifying that a
following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion applies to
a pointer to a long int or unsigned long int argu-
ment, or that a following n conversion corresponds
to a pointer to a long int argument.

Allin Cottrell

[Martin Ambuhl]

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

#include <stdio.h>

long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum * sum);
}

int main(void)
{
/* mha: note the "%ld" rather than "%d" and the '\n' needed for
portable behavior. */
printf("Number is %ld\n", number());
return 0;
}

[Output]
Number is 177241

[Magix]

If I use %1, nothing is display.
"Artie Gold" <ar*******@austin.rr.com> wrote in message
news:2m************@uni-berlin.de...

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result to be 177241.

It is. You just didn't output it correctly.

If you have a long, you need to use the `l' format specifier, not the
`d'; hence you want:

printf("Number is %l", number());

HTH,
--ag

--
Artie Gold -- Austin, Texas

"What they accuse you of -- is what they have planned."

[Artie Gold]

Magix wrote:

If I use %1, nothing is display.
Don't top post.

"Artie Gold" <ar*******@austin.rr.com> wrote in message
news:2m************@uni-berlin.de...

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the
result
to be 177241.

It is. You just didn't output it correctly.

If you have a long, you need to use the `l' format specifier, not the
`d'; hence you want:

printf("Number is %l", number());

Erm, that's `%l' (percent-sign ell) not a `%1' (percent-sign one).
Damn fonts. ;-(

HTH,
--ag

--
Artie Gold -- Austin, Texas

"What they accuse you of -- is what they have planned."

[Peter Nilsson]

"Artie Gold" <ar*******@austin.rr.com> wrote in message
news:2m************@uni-berlin.de...

Magix wrote:

Hi,

Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the
result to be 177241.
It is. You just didn't output it correctly.

If you have a long, you need to use the `l' format specifier, not the
`d';

'l' is a length modifier, not a conversion specifier.
hence you want:

printf("Number is %l", number());

No, Magix wants...

printf("Number is %ld\n", number());

--
Peter

[Magix]

I still get the output -19367, after using %1d.

"Martin Ambuhl" <ma*****@earthlink.net> wrote in message
news:2m************@uni-berlin.de...

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result to be 177241.

#include <stdio.h>

long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum * sum);
}

int main(void)
{
/* mha: note the "%ld" rather than "%d" and the '\n' needed for
portable behavior. */
printf("Number is %ld\n", number());
return 0;
}

[Output]
Number is 177241

[Magix]

Sorry, my mistake, I should use "l" (ell) instead one "1" (one)

After I use "l", it outputs:
Number is (non-long

"Magix" <ma***@asia.com> wrote in message
news:40**********@news.tm.net.my...

I still get the output -19367, after using %1d.

"Martin Ambuhl" <ma*****@earthlink.net> wrote in message
news:2m************@uni-berlin.de...

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result to be 177241.

#include <stdio.h>

long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum * sum);
}

int main(void)
{
/* mha: note the "%ld" rather than "%d" and the '\n' needed for
portable behavior. */
printf("Number is %ld\n", number());
return 0;
}

[Output]
Number is 177241

[Keith Thompson]

"Magix" <ma***@asia.com> writes:

Sorry, my mistake, I should use "l" (ell) instead one "1" (one)

After I use "l", it outputs:
Number is (non-long

Please don't top-post. Any new text should follow, not precede, any
quoted text (the stuff with the "> " prefixes), and there's no need to
quote the entire article to which you're responding. Backwards
written that's stuff read to difficult very it's.

Does it really print "Number is (non-long", or is that a typo? It
should print "Number is 177241". If that's not what you're getting,
please re-post your program (cut-and-paste it, don't try to re-type
it).

--
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keith) ks***@mib.org <http://www.ghoti.net/~kst>
San Diego Supercomputer Center <*> <http://users.sdsc.edu/~kst>
We must do something. This is something. Therefore, we must do this.

[Martin Ambuhl]

Artie Gold wrote:

Magix wrote:

If I use %1, nothing is display.

If you have a long, you need to use the `l' format specifier, not the
`d'; hence you want:

printf("Number is %l", number());

Erm, that's `%l' (percent-sign ell) not a `%1' (percent-sign one).
Damn fonts. ;-(

It's not just the font. "%l" is wrong. "%ld" is correct. The 'l'
modifies the 'd'.

[Martin Ambuhl]

Magix wrote:

I still get the output -19367, after using %1d.

Don't top-post. That is "%ld" not "%1d". "l" stands for "long," "1"
stands for the number after zero. Don't you have a C book or at least
some sort of on-line help files?


"Martin Ambuhl" <ma*****@earthlink.net> wrote in message
news:2m************@uni-berlin.de...

Magix wrote:

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the
result
to be 177241.

#include <stdio.h>

long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum * sum);
}

int main(void)
{
/* mha: note the "%ld" rather than "%d" and the '\n' needed for
portable behavior. */
printf("Number is %ld\n", number());
return 0;
}

[Output]
Number is 177241

[Ravi Uday]

"Magix" <ma***@asia.com> wrote in message news:<40**********@news.tm.net.my>...

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

Thanks.

You are invoking a undefined behavior. Auto variables have
scope/life only until the function in which they are defined returns.
After which their value
is junk.
So in your case .. anything can happen !!
print the value (sum*sum) inside the number function. You get what you
expect.

- Ravi

[Jens.Toerring]

Ravi Uday <ra******@gmail.com> wrote:

"Magix" <ma***@asia.com> wrote in message news:<40**********@news.tm.net.my>...

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

Thanks.

You are invoking a undefined behavior. Auto variables have
scope/life only until the function in which they are defined returns.

Ahem, he isn't returning a _pointer_ to the local variable but its
_value_ (or its value multiplied by itself, to be precise), so it's
absolutely fine and no undefined behavior is involved there.

Regards, Jens
--
\ Jens Thoms Toerring ___ Je***********@physik.fu-berlin.de
\__________________________ http://www.toerring.de

[Emmanuel Delahaye]

Ravi Uday a formulé la demande :

long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
} You are invoking a undefined behavior.

Really ? I'm curious...
Auto variables have
scope/life only until the function in which they are defined returns.
So what ?
After which their value
is junk.
Yes, but you do know that a copy of the value is returned. Don't you ?
So in your case .. anything can happen !!
print the value (sum*sum) inside the number function. You get what you
expect.

No. The problem occurs when you return the address of a local. The OP's
code is correct.

--
Emmanuel

[Artie Gold]

Martin Ambuhl wrote:

Artie Gold wrote:

Magix wrote:

If I use %1, nothing is display.
If you have a long, you need to use the `l' format specifier, not the
`d'; hence you want:

printf("Number is %l", number());

Erm, that's `%l' (percent-sign ell) not a `%1' (percent-sign one).
Damn fonts. ;-(

It's not just the font. "%l" is wrong. "%ld" is correct. The 'l'
modifies the 'd'.

Of course. [Cue sound of crawling under desk.]
--ag
--
Artie Gold -- Austin, Texas

"What they accuse you of -- is what they have planned."

[Dan Pop]

In <56**************************@posting.google.com > ra******@gmail.com (Ravi Uday) writes:

"Magix" <ma***@asia.com> wrote in message news:<40**********@news.tm.net.my>...

Hi,
Let say I have following function:
long number(void)
{
long sum = 421;
return (sum*sum);
}

so, I printf the statement ("Number is %d", number( )); the result
is -19367. Why ? I suppose long can hold up to 32 bits. I expect the result
to be 177241.

Thanks.
You are invoking a undefined behavior. Auto variables have
scope/life only until the function in which they are defined returns.
After which their value is junk.

So what? The return statement is executed while the auto objects are
still alive, not *after*.
So in your case .. anything can happen !!
Bullshit! Or, more precisely, anything can happen because of the bad
printf call, which is the *real* cause of the OP's problem.
print the value (sum*sum) inside the number function. You get what you
expect.

Nope, if he uses the same printf call, he will get the same garbage.

You're a marvelous illustration of the saying "a little knowledge is a
dangerous thing". Don't use *any* rule you don't *really* understand.
The rule in question is about not returning the *address* of automatic
objects, because the objects no longer exist after the function returns.
However, it is always safe to return their values, because the value is
passed back to the caller using a special protocol that doesn't require
the existence of the object when the caller is getting back its value.

But, in this example, even this is irrelevant, as the function doesn't
return sum, but sum * sum. You don't expect this expression to be
evaluated by the caller, do you? So, the function didn't return the
value of *any* automatic object, it returned the value of an arbitrary
expression, value that need not be stored in any memory location.

Mechanically memorised rules are doing you no good. If you cannot
understand something, either ignore it or ask for better explanations.

Dan
--
Dan Pop
DESY Zeuthen, RZ group
Email: Da*****@ifh.de

[Ravi Uday]

<snip>

Mechanically memorised rules are doing you no good. If you cannot
understand something, either ignore it or ask for better explanations.

Dan

Sorry for my wrong post..!! I had a bad day..so didnt quit time/write
that correctly..
Magix-> Ignore my reply. Well others are correct and I am wrong..

- Ravi