why get different result of a simple code on different compiler?

[Tao Wang]

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Hi,

I am quite confused on a equation, as following:

#include <iostream>
int main(){
int i = 2;
int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);
std::cout << c << std::endl;
}

In my mind, the final result should be 12, since 3+4+5. But the result I
got is interesting.

Visual C++ .Net 2005 (8.0) - C++: Result: 15
Visual C++ .Net 2005 (8.0) - C++/CLI: Result: 15
Visual C++ 6.0 Result: 13

Borland C++ Builder 5 Result: 12

gcc version 3.4.2 (mingw-special): Result: 13
g++ (GCC) 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5) Result: 13

Visual C# .Net 2005 - C# Result: 12
Java version "1.5.0_04" Result: 12

I tried to see the assembly of the executable file. I found they
implemented quite different. Is there anyone can tell me why? Which one
is correct? How the C++ standard explain it?

The corresponding assembly code is following:

Visual C++ .Net 2005 (8.0) - C++:
Result: 15

int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);

004113C5 mov eax,dword ptr [i]
004113C8 add eax,1
004113CB mov dword ptr [i],eax
004113CE mov ecx,dword ptr [i]
004113D1 add ecx,1
004113D4 mov dword ptr [i],ecx
004113D7 mov edx,dword ptr [i]
004113DA add edx,1
004113DD mov dword ptr [i],edx
004113E0 mov eax,dword ptr [i]
004113E3 add eax,dword ptr [i]
004113E6 add eax,dword ptr [i]
004113E9 mov dword ptr [c],eax
Visual C++ .Net 2005 (8.0) - C++/CLI:
Result: 15

int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);

00000022 inc esi
00000023 inc esi
00000024 inc esi
00000025 lea eax,[esi+esi]
00000028 add eax,esi
0000002a mov ebx,eax

gcc version 3.4.2 (mingw-special):
Result: 13

int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);

40147f: 8d 45 e4 lea 0xffffffe4(%ebp),%eax
401482: ff 00 incl (%eax)
401484: 8d 45 e4 lea 0xffffffe4(%ebp),%eax
401487: ff 00 incl (%eax)
401489: 8b 45 e4 mov 0xffffffe4(%ebp),%eax
40148c: 8b 55 e4 mov 0xffffffe4(%ebp),%edx
40148f: 01 c2 add %eax,%edx
401491: 8d 45 e4 lea 0xffffffe4(%ebp),%eax
401494: ff 00 incl (%eax)
401496: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax
401498: 03 45 e4 add 0xffffffe4(%ebp),%eax
40149b: 89 45 e0 mov %eax,0xffffffe0(%ebp)

g++ (GCC) 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)
Result: 13

int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);

leal -8(%ebp), %eax
incl (%eax)
leal -8(%ebp), %eax
incl (%eax)
movl -8(%ebp), %eax
movl -8(%ebp), %edx
addl %eax, %edx
leal -8(%ebp), %eax
incl (%eax)
movl %edx, %eax
addl -8(%ebp), %eax

Visual C# .Net 2005 - C#
Result: 12

int c = (++i) + (++i) + (++i);

0000002e inc esi
0000002f mov ebx,esi
00000031 inc esi
00000032 add ebx,esi
00000034 inc esi
00000035 add ebx,esi
00000037 mov edi,ebx

Java version "1.5.0_04"
Result: 12

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
Code:
0: iconst_2
1: istore_1
2: iinc 1, 1
5: iload_1
6: iinc 1, 1
9: iload_1
10: iadd
11: iinc 1, 1
14: iload_1
15: iadd
16: istore_2
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[deane_gavin]

Tao Wang wrote:

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Hash: SHA1

Hi,

I am quite confused on a equation, as following:

#include <iostream>
int main(){
int i = 2;
int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);
std::cout << c << std::endl;
}

In my mind, the final result should be 12, since 3+4+5. But the result I
got is interesting.

You got undefined behaviour. You are lucky that the result you saw was
something other than what you expected.

http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lit...html#faq-39.15

<snip>

Gavin Deane

[Sumit Rajan]

"Tao Wang" <da*******@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:lz******************@news-server.bigpond.net.au...

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Hash: SHA1

Hi,

I am quite confused on a equation, as following:

#include <iostream>
int main(){
int i = 2;
int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);
std::cout << c << std::endl;
}

In my mind, the final result should be 12, since 3+4+5. But the result I
got is interesting.

Please see:
http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lit...html#faq-39.15
http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lit...html#faq-39.16

http://www.angelikalanger.com/Articl...ncePoints.html
Regards,
Sumit.
--
Sumit Rajan <su****@msdc.hcltech.com>

[Geo]

Tao Wang wrote:

int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);

This is undefined behaviour, the rest of the program is irrelevant,
anything could happen.

[Tao Wang]

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Sumit Rajan wrote:

"Tao Wang" <da*******@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:lz******************@news-server.bigpond.net.au...

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

Hi,

I am quite confused on a equation, as following:

#include <iostream>
int main(){
int i = 2;
int c = (++i)+(++i)+(++i);
std::cout << c << std::endl;
}

In my mind, the final result should be 12, since 3+4+5. But the result I
got is interesting.

Please see:
http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lit...html#faq-39.15
http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lit...html#faq-39.16

http://www.angelikalanger.com/Articl...ncePoints.html
Regards,
Sumit.

Oh, I see, Thanks

Dancefire
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