Pass by Pointer * or Pass by Reference &?

[Robert]

Hello all,

I am a C programmer learning C++. And I am confused with function Pass
by Pointer * or Pass by Reference &.

Function pass by pointer like:
void func(int * x)
And function pass by referencelike:
void func(int & x)

What's their main difference and be used in what circumstance?

Best regards,
Robert

[Christian Meier]

"Robert" <zh*******@gmail.com> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:11*********************@g14g2000cwa.googlegro ups.com...

Hello all,

I am a C programmer learning C++. And I am confused with function Pass
by Pointer * or Pass by Reference &.

Function pass by pointer like:
void func(int * x)
And function pass by referencelike:
void func(int & x)

What's their main difference and be used in what circumstance?

Best regards,
Robert

Pointer can be null, references can't. Pointers can be reassigned.
A reference is more comfortable to use. You can handle it like a normal
object. When changing a function from
void func(const AClass);
to
void func(const AClass&);
you do not need to rewrite your code.

Greetings Chris

[John Ratliff]

Robert wrote:

Hello all,

I am a C programmer learning C++. And I am confused with function Pass
by Pointer * or Pass by Reference &.

Function pass by pointer like:
void func(int * x)
And function pass by referencelike:
void func(int & x)

What's their main difference and be used in what circumstance?

Best regards,
Robert

There is a lot of good information about this in this handy guide:

http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/

--John Ratliff

[Robert]

Another problem is why reference cannot be able to represent a NULL
object?

Best regards,
Robert

[Frank Chang]

One other difference between pointers and references is that if you use
dynamic_cast on an incorrect reference it willl throw a bad cast
exception. On the other hand, an incorrect dynamic cast on a pointer
will not throw a bad cast exception.

void function(Panda& q)
{
Panda &ip = dynamic_cast<randomref&)(q);
}

void g()
{
try{
f(*(new Panda))
}
catch(bad_cast)
{

}
}

[Giulio Guarnone]

Robert ha scritto:

Another problem is why reference cannot be able to represent a NULL
object?

Best regards,
Robert

References are intended to "point" to existing objects :

the function

void f(T &t)
{
[...]
}

is similar to

void f(T const *t)
{
assert(t != NULL);
[...]
}

Reference can't be null and its address can't be incremented.

Bye,
Giulio

[msalters]

Frank Chang schreef:

One other difference between pointers and references is that if you use
dynamic_cast on an incorrect reference it willl throw a bad cast
exception. On the other hand, an incorrect dynamic cast on a pointer
will not throw a bad cast exception.

No, it returns a NULL pointer. This can be useful:

void foo( Base* b )
{
if( Derived* d = dynamic_cast<Derived>(b) )
{
// do something with Derived
d->bar();
}
else
{
// User didn't have a Derived object, but we don't care why not
}
}
This is a quite common idiom. I usually leave out the comment and the
else block if there is no default action. The idea is that I don't
want to differentiate between a non-Derived Base object or no object
at all. I purely want to know if the caller has a Derived object.

HTH,
Michiel Salters

[GrahamJWalsh]

no it doesn't. On a pointer it returns null on references it throws
std::bad_cast

[Peter Julian]

"Robert" <zh*******@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:11**********************@g47g2000cwa.googlegr oups.com...

Another problem is why reference cannot be able to represent a NULL
object?

Best regards,
Robert

A reference can't refer to a null object since its permanently bound to a
valid object. This is an important distinction (unlike a pointer which can
point to another object or even to a null object). A reference is a
permanent alias to a valid object.

In fact, the lifetime of any object may even be extended to satisfy this
object-is-valid rule.

[Dan Cernat]

"Robert" <zh*******@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:11**********************@g47g2000cwa.googlegr oups.com...

Another problem is why reference cannot be able to represent a NULL
object?

Best regards,
Robert

Define what a NULL object is.

Dan

[E. Robert Tisdale]

Robert wrote:

Another problem is
why reference cannot be able to represent [an invalid] object? cat main.cc #include <iostream>

void f(const int& r) {
if (0 == &r) { // undefined behavior
std::cout << "&r = " << &r << std::endl;
}
else {
std::cout << "r = " << r << std::endl;
}
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

int* p = 0;
int& r = *p; // undefined behavior
f(r);

return 0;
}
g++ -Wall -ansi -pedantic -o main main.cc
./main

&r = 0

Beware!
A reference *can* represent an invalid object
but the behavior is undefined.