Question on delete [] vs just plain delete

[DamonChong]

Hi,

I am new to c++. I recently spend an enormous among of time
troubleshooting a seeminly innocuous piece of code. Although I narrow
down this piece of code as the culprit but I don't understand why. Can
some guru help to enlighten me? Thank you.

// I created an array of pointers to object pointers:

Object ** obs = new Object * [9];

// After that I populate this array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
obs[i] = new Object(i);
}

// After using them i deleted the array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
delete obs[i];
}

delete [] obs;

delete obs; // this is the problem, during execution the program
hanged.

Apparently, the above caused undefined behaviour. But I don't know why
i shouldn't do that. Thanks again for any sharing!

Cheers,
Damon

[Efrat Regev]

"DamonChong" <so********@excite.com> wrote in message
news:11*********************@c13g2000cwb.googlegro ups.com...

Hi,

I am new to c++. I recently spend an enormous among of time
troubleshooting a seeminly innocuous piece of code. Although I narrow
down this piece of code as the culprit but I don't understand why. Can
some guru help to enlighten me? Thank you.
While the gurus answer more difficult questions, I'll field this one.

// I created an array of pointers to object pointers:

Object ** obs = new Object * [9];
/////////// Great, you've allocated an array of pointers to Object

// After that I populate this array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
obs[i] = new Object(i);
/////////// And now you've allocated the objects. }

// After using them i deleted the array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
delete obs[i];
/////////// Now you've deallocated the objects.
}

delete [] obs;
/////////// And now you've deallocated the array.
/////////// Good. So you've deallocated everything you've allocated. Nothing
left to deallocate.

/////////// and yet....
delete obs; // this is the problem, during execution the program
hanged.

/////////// So the previous line hangs since you're deallocating something
which you shouldn't

[Peter Koch Larsen]

Hi Damon

Efrat already answered your post, but I will recommend you do not use
new/delete as a newbie C++ programmer. Instead focus on the standard library
and just don't use pointers.
Pointers are difficult and better not used until you understand the basics
of C++ - including the standard library. By going this route, you will also
learn how little use there actually is of pointers in modern C++.

/Peter
"DamonChong" <so********@excite.com> skrev i en meddelelse
news:11*********************@c13g2000cwb.googlegro ups.com...

Hi,

I am new to c++. I recently spend an enormous among of time
troubleshooting a seeminly innocuous piece of code. Although I narrow
down this piece of code as the culprit but I don't understand why. Can
some guru help to enlighten me? Thank you.

// I created an array of pointers to object pointers:

Object ** obs = new Object * [9];

// After that I populate this array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
obs[i] = new Object(i);
}

// After using them i deleted the array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
delete obs[i];
}

delete [] obs;

delete obs; // this is the problem, during execution the program
hanged.

Apparently, the above caused undefined behaviour. But I don't know why
i shouldn't do that. Thanks again for any sharing!

Cheers,
Damon

[ajk]

On 29 Jan 2005 01:39:32 -0800, "DamonChong" <so********@excite.com>
wrote:

delete [] obs;

delete obs; // this is the problem, during execution the program

normally you use delete [] on any array you allocate to tell the
compiler that the ptr you are deleting is an array.

it is just one of those not obvious c++ rules you need to learn :)

in any case I would suggest you use vector<> instead of array since it
is safer and more convenient. check up the online help/book for info.
STL in general can help you a lot.

/ajk
--
"Those are my principles. If you don't like them I have others."
Groucho Marx.

[DamonChong]

Thanks alot. Kind of silly I suppose to make such mistake. ;P

[Efrat Regev]

"DamonChong" <so********@excite.com> wrote in message
news:11**********************@c13g2000cwb.googlegr oups.com...

Thanks alot. Kind of silly I suppose to make such mistake. ;P

No problem. BTW, explicit memory management is both very powerful, and
very prone to making "silly" mistakes (which I don't think are silly at
all). Consequently, perhaps you might want to read Peter Koch Larsen's
response (with which I completely agree).

Specifically, you could write your code this way:

#include <vector>

std::vector<Object> obs[9];

for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
obs[i] = Object(i);

Or if Object doesn't have a default constructor,

#include <vector>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>

std::vector<boost::shared_ptr<Object> > obs(9);

for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
obs[i].reset(new Object(i));

(You could google for boost smart_ptr for the above).

[Jon]

While I would agree that pointers are maybe not obvious for a beginner to
say that there is "little use" of pointers in modern c++ is just plain wrong
in my opinion. Of course it maybe depends on what you define as "modern c++"
but that is another question...

"Peter Koch Larsen" <pk*****@mailme.dk> wrote in message
news:%j********************@news000.worldonline.dk ...

Hi Damon

Efrat already answered your post, but I will recommend you do not use
new/delete as a newbie C++ programmer. Instead focus on the standard
library and just don't use pointers.
Pointers are difficult and better not used until you understand the basics
of C++ - including the standard library. By going this route, you will
also learn how little use there actually is of pointers in modern C++.

/Peter
"DamonChong" <so********@excite.com> skrev i en meddelelse
news:11*********************@c13g2000cwb.googlegro ups.com...

Hi,

I am new to c++. I recently spend an enormous among of time
troubleshooting a seeminly innocuous piece of code. Although I narrow
down this piece of code as the culprit but I don't understand why. Can
some guru help to enlighten me? Thank you.

// I created an array of pointers to object pointers:

Object ** obs = new Object * [9];

// After that I populate this array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
obs[i] = new Object(i);
}

// After using them i deleted the array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
delete obs[i];
}

delete [] obs;

delete obs; // this is the problem, during execution the program
hanged.

Apparently, the above caused undefined behaviour. But I don't know why
i shouldn't do that. Thanks again for any sharing!

Cheers,
Damon

[Bradley]

My question is why dynamically allocate an array of Object pointers. Why not
just just

Object *obparray[9];

??

Is memory that sparse now days?

"DamonChong" <so********@excite.com> wrote in message
news:11*********************@c13g2000cwb.googlegro ups.com...

Hi,

I am new to c++. I recently spend an enormous among of time
troubleshooting a seeminly innocuous piece of code. Although I narrow
down this piece of code as the culprit but I don't understand why. Can
some guru help to enlighten me? Thank you.

// I created an array of pointers to object pointers:

Object ** obs = new Object * [9];

// After that I populate this array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
obs[i] = new Object(i);
}

// After using them i deleted the array:

for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
delete obs[i];
}

delete [] obs;

delete obs; // this is the problem, during execution the program
hanged.

Apparently, the above caused undefined behaviour. But I don't know why
i shouldn't do that. Thanks again for any sharing!

Cheers,
Damon

[Efrat Regev]

"Bradley" <bn*****@kc.rr.com> wrote in message
news:fl*********************@twister.rdc-kc.rr.com...

My question is why dynamically allocate an array of Object pointers. Why not just just

Object *obparray[9];

??

Is memory that sparse now days?

It's possible that Object doesn't have a default constructor.

[Efrat Regev]

"Efrat Regev" <ef*********@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:xO********************@adelphia.com...

"Bradley" <bn*****@kc.rr.com> wrote in message
news:fl*********************@twister.rdc-kc.rr.com...

My question is why dynamically allocate an array of Object pointers. Why

not

just just

Object *obparray[9];

??

Is memory that sparse now days?

It's possible that Object doesn't have a default constructor.

Oops! my bad - I misunderstood your post.

[Old Wolf]

Efrat Regev wrote:

Specifically, you could write your code this way:

#include <vector>

std::vector<Object> obs[9];

for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
obs[i] = Object(i);

Or if Object doesn't have a default constructor,

#include <vector>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>

std::vector<boost::shared_ptr<Object> > obs(9);

for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
obs[i].reset(new Object(i));

(You could google for boost smart_ptr for the above).

You don't need to go to those lengths; this would do,
if Object is copyable:

.. std::vector<Object> obs;
.. for(int i = 0; i != 9; ++i)
.. obs.push_back( Object(i) );

[msalters]

Efrat Regev wrote:

Specifically, you could write your code this way:

#include <vector>

std::vector<Object> obs[9];

for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
obs[i] = Object(i);

Actually, you mean
std::vector<Object> obs(9);

which is one vector with initially 9 elements, and not
9 vectors with initially no elements.

With your [9] declaration, the compiler will complain that it
can't assign Object(0) to an empty vector of Objects.

You could also be a bit clearer, and write the size only once:

#include <vector>

std::vector<Object> obs; // empty

for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
obs.pushback( Object(i) ); // add one element at a time.

Now, there's only one occurence of 9 - if the vector should ever
change size, you can do so in one place.

HTH,
Michiel Salters