I'm not sure about that. If I were looking into that I'd be thinking of LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol). I know I've used it before when dealing with the Active Directory, and it was designed originally for mail systems I believe.
Otherwise, one approach might be to use
Application Automation to grab the data you need from outlook and load it into a table.
I suggest that this thread is too broad of scope to be covered here well. Are you searching or finding out how to interact with Outlook. We'll do what we can to help with either situation, but they shouldn't be bundled together in a single thread. I'll leave that thought with you.