A question on Encoding and Decoding.

[kath]

Hi all,

Platform: winxp
Version: Python 2.3

I have a task of reading files in a folder and creating an one excel
file with sheets, one sheet per file, with sheet named as filename. I
am facing problem in handling special characters. I am using XLRD and
XLW package to read/write from/to file. But facing problem in handling
special characters. I am getting encode error.

UnicodeDecodeError 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xdf' in
position 19: ordinal not in range(128)
row: 76

the cell value at rowx = 76, colx = 0 is
'Activest-Aktien-Großbritannien'

I used Latin-1 encoding, but after the file is created I get an error
'Unable to read the file'.

When I get the exception I want to format the string so that I can use
it to write to a file and also query database.

Can anybody guide how to solve this problem. what encoding I should
use, and after wring to file I should the same special character.

Also python IDLE is able to output the same character corretly when I
say print and why not I?
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

thanks.
regards,
kath.

[John Machin]

kath wrote:

Hi all,

Platform: winxp
Version: Python 2.3

I have a task of reading files in a folder and creating an one excel
file with sheets, one sheet per file, with sheet named as filename. I
am facing problem in handling special characters. I am using XLRD and
XLW package to read/write from/to file.

The name of the first package is "xlrd", *NOT* "XLRD".

By "XLW"; do you mean python2xlw? If so, why don't you upgrade to
Python 2.4 or 2.5 so that you can use pyExcelerator (which is the most
modern and least unmaintained of the pure-Python Excel-writing
gadgets)? If you can't upgrade, consider using pyXLWriter instead.

Note that python2xlw is *NOT* intended to be a general-purpose Excel
file writer. From the top of its XLW.py:
'''Simple XLW file maker.
Can create data sheets and Scatter Charts from the data sheets.
Data sheet is defined as a list of rows.
The first row contains labels, subsequent rows are numeric.
Charts are defined by adding XY series.
Series are defined as zero-based indeces to the dataSheet, XColumn, and
YColumn.
The entire column will be plotted.'''

Are you sure that the description "The first row contains labels,
subsequent rows are numeric." fits your data?

At this stage, sentient beings who are looking for a general-purpose
Excel writer and who are not skeptics would probably turn away. Kinda
makes you believe it won't handle *any* kind of string (either str or
Unicode) at rowx == 76. Game over. "77 Sunset Row" :-)

It turns out that what happens (quite independently of row number) is:
Ints and reals are spat out as Excel NUMBER records.
For *any* other Python type, it attempts (without benefit of try/accept
or any other prophylactic) to write str(value)[:254] to an Excel LABEL
record.
Apart from silent truncation of data, this will cause:
* unicode data that contains non-ASCII characters to produce a
UnicodeDecodeError
* a long item e.g. 1234567890L to appear as an Excel text type with
value"1234567890", not an Excel number type wirth value 1234567890.0

Oh, and if you forgot to call the XLW.XLW.addChart method, it kindly
remedies your deficiency by supplying one. What if you consciously
don't want any ferschlugginer charts?

Unfortunately, outside the Redmond Pale, knowledge of charts in .XLW
files is scant. Given such a file:
* Gnumeric 1.6.something (Windows version) crashes
* OpenOffice.org's Calc 2.0.something (Windows version) thinks silently
for a second or two, then leaves you with an empty worksheet, and no
charts, and no message.
* xlrd grumbles that it was expecting a worksheet, and gives up -- I'll
fix this; it'll expect a chart as a possibility, and ignore it (as with
XLS files).

But facing problem in handling
special characters. I am getting encode error.

Have you read any of these:
(a) The notes on Unicode in the xlrd documentation?
(b) The Unicode howto (http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/unicode)
?

>
UnicodeDecodeError 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xdf' in
position 19: ordinal not in range(128)
row: 76

the cell value at rowx = 76, colx = 0 is
'Activest-Aktien-Großbritannien'

:-)
Gross Brits? Must be talking about the "Barmy Army" :-)
:-)

>
I used Latin-1 encoding,

If, as it seems, you think you've found out what the problem is, fixed
it, and continued on, why bother telling us?

but after the file is created I get an error
'Unable to read the file'.

*WHAT* program is producing this error message? Under what
circumstances?

>
When I get the exception I want to format the string so that I can use
it to write to a file and also query database.

Never mind what you want; what you *need* is to encode your data with
the appropriate encoding, so that you *don't* get the exception. Then
it should be a good old legacy str instance, suitable for writing
anywhere within reason. You can query your database with str and/or
unicode data, depending on how it is stored and whether the database
interface converts on the fly -- read the database-specific docs and/or
ask a specific question.

>
Can anybody guide how to solve this problem. what encoding I should
use, and after wring to file I should the same special character.

My parser barfed on that last clause:
ParseFailure: After "wring", expected "neck"
:-)

The encoding that you should use is one that encompasses all your data.
If latin1 doesn't hack it, switch to pyExcelerator (as already
recommended); it will write the latest (only 9 years old) version of
Excel files which are recorded in utf_16_le.

What makes you think that the encoding problem (which you appear to
have fixed (at least temporarily)) is anything at all to do with the
mystery program saying 'Unable to read the file"? Have you tried a test
input file which has *only* ASCII text in it?

>
Also python IDLE is able to output the same character corretly when I
say print and why not I?

I have to go out now, so I'll leave something for someone else to
answer.

>

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

If it all becomes too hard, try sending me (1) a two-sheet input test
file for your app (2) the corresponding error-message-causing output
file and (3) your code, and I'll have a look at it.

Cheers,
John

[Fredrik Lundh]

"kath" wrote:

Also python IDLE is able to output the same character corretly when I
say print and why not I?

probably because IDLE's interactive window is Unicode-aware, but your terminal
is not.

</F>

[rbsharp]

Hello,
I think this remark is more to the point. In my experience, the general
problem is that python operates with the default encoding "ascii" as in
sys.getdefaultencoding(). It is possible to set the defaultencoding in
sitecustomize.py, with sys.setdefaultencoding('latin1'). I have placed
sitecustomize.py in Lib/site-packages. It is not possible to set the
encoding once python has started. Setting the encoding only works if
you can bind yourself to this one encoding and is therefore no general
fix.
The only reasonable way to work is to get your strings into unicode
(and sometimes back out again).
If for instance you type:
s = "äÄöÖüÜß" and then try
us = unicode(s) you will get a traceback identical to yours.
However:
us = unicode(s,'latin1')
will work. If however to try:
print us
you will get another traceback.

try:

>>print "%r" % us

u'\x84\x8e\x94\x99\x81\x9a\xe1'
Even if it is not pretty, at least the program won't crash.
You can get a better result with:

>>print us.encode('latin1')

äÄöÖüÜß

The whole topic can get tedious at times, but be assured,
PyExcelerator, for writing, and xlrd for reading Excel files do work,
with unicode, both in the content and in the sheetnames. PyExcelerator
may be able to read Excel Sheets but not nearly as well as xlrd, which
works wonderfully.

regards,
Richard Sharp
Fredrik Lundh wrote:

"kath" wrote:

Also python IDLE is able to output the same character corretly when I
say print and why not I?

probably because IDLE's interactive window is Unicode-aware, but your terminal
is not.

</F>

[Johan von Boisman]

rb*****@gmx.de wrote:

Hello,
I think this remark is more to the point. In my experience, the general
problem is that python operates with the default encoding "ascii" as in
sys.getdefaultencoding(). It is possible to set the defaultencoding in
sitecustomize.py, with sys.setdefaultencoding('latin1'). I have placed
sitecustomize.py in Lib/site-packages. It is not possible to set the
encoding once python has started. Setting the encoding only works if
you can bind yourself to this one encoding and is therefore no general
fix.
The only reasonable way to work is to get your strings into unicode
(and sometimes back out again).
If for instance you type:
s = "äÄöÖüÜß" and then try
us = unicode(s) you will get a traceback identical to yours.

I missed the beginning of this thread, but why not write

s = u"äÄöÖüÜß"

Is there ever a reason _not_ to exclusively use the unicode stringtype
throughout your Python program? (of course you may need to encode/decode
when interfacing with the world outside your program)

/johan

[John Machin]

On Nov 17, 9:18 pm, Johan von Boisman <[e-mail]:

I missed the beginning of this thread, but why not write

s = u"äÄöÖüÜß"

Is there ever a reason _not_ to exclusively use the unicode stringtype
throughout your Python program? (of course you may need to encode/decode
when interfacing with the world outside your program)

Please consider going back and finding the beginning of the thread.

Cheers,
John

[Fredrik Lundh]

Johan von Boisman wrote:

Is there ever a reason _not_ to exclusively use the unicode stringtype
throughout your Python program?

speed and memory use. in 2.5, the unicode datatype is almost often as
fast as the string type at the algorithm level, but it's still limited
by memory bandwidth for certain operations. it simply takes a bit more
time to copy two or four times as much data.

but requiring four times as much memory use can be really hurting, in
some applications, e.g.

http://effbot.org/zone/celementtree.htm#benchmarks

a good compromise is to use 8-bit strings for ASCII-only strings, and
Unicode strings for everything else. ASCII strings mix well with
Unicode, and you can use (almost) all string methods and other string
operations on both kind of strings, without problems.

</F>